Pressure-Compensated 3-Way Flow Control Valve (IL)

Three-way flow regulator in the isothermal fluid network.

blockType: EngeeFluids.IsothermalLiquid.Valves.FlowControl.PressureCompensatedThreeWay

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/Physical Modeling/Fluids/Isothermal Liquid/Valves & Orifices/Flow Control Valves/Pressure-Compensated 3-Way Flow Control Valve (IL)

Description

Block Pressure-Compensated 3-Way Flow Control Valve (IL) provides control and maintenance of constant pressure of the isothermal liquid flow. When the control pressure is controlled corresponds to or exceeds the value of Set orifice pressure differential, then the discharge component of the underlying expansion valve opens, compensating for the pressure.

The flow control valve opens and closes in accordance with the physical control signal of the port S, which determines the area of the openings of the underlying block. A positive signal opens the valve. After opening, the condensed liquid enters another part of the network through the R port.

For flow control with pressure compensation without draining the liquid, see the block Pressure-Compensated Flow Control Valve (IL).

Parameterization of holes

The Orifice parameterization parameter offers three valve models:

Linear - Area vs. control member position — an analytical model in which the relationship between the control element and the valve opening area is linear.
Tabulated data - Area vs. control member position — a model in which the position of the control and the opening area are determined by a custom table. Points between user data are calculated using linear interpolation, points outside the table are determined by extrapolation from the nearest neighboring value.
Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. control member position and pressure drop — a model in which the position of the control element, the pressure drop at the opening and the volumetric flow rate are set by a custom table. Points between user data are calculated using linear interpolation, points outside the table are determined by extrapolation from the nearest neighboring value.

Numerically smoothed area and pressure

If the parameterization of the opening is linear, then the computational stability of the simulation at the extreme points of the range of the opening area and valve pressure is supported by the parameter Smoothing factor, the value of which should be greater 0 And less 1. If the Smoothing factor parameter is non-zero, then the block Pressure-Compensated 3-Way Flow Control Valve (IL) It applies a smoothing function to all calculated areas and pressures, but it primarily affects the simulation at the extreme points of these ranges.

If smoothing is enabled, the area of the holes smoothly varies between the parameters Leakage area and Maximum orifice area. The block smooths the valve pressure between the Set orifice pressure differential parameter and the sum of the Set orifice pressure differential and Pressure compensator valve regulation range parameters.

Block diagram

Block Pressure-Compensated 3-Way Flow Control Valve (IL) built from blocks Pressure Compensator Valve (IL) and Orifice (IL). Diagram of a three-way flow control valve:

pressure compensated 3 way flow control valve (il) 1

Ports

Conserving

# A — Isothermal liquid port
Isothermal liquid

Details

The port of Input or output of liquid to the three-way valve.

Program usage name

port_a

# B — Isothermal liquid port
Isothermal liquid

Details

The port of Input or output of liquid into the hole.

Program usage name

port_b

# R — Isothermal liquid port of the reducing valve
Isothermal liquid

Details

The port of the liquid outlet from the reducing valve.

Program usage name

reducing_valve_port

Input

# S — moving the control element
scalar

Details

The input port for moving the control element, which sets the opening of the hole, in m.

Data types	`Float64`
Complex numbers support	I don’t

Parameters

# Orifice parameterization — hole modeling method
Linear - Area vs. control member position | Tabulated data - Area vs. control member position | Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. control member position and pressure drop

Details

The method of modeling the opening of the hole. The hole is either linearly parameterized, which correlates the area of the hole with the position of the control element; using user data that correlates the area of the hole with the position of the control element; or using an array of data that correlates the flow rate of the valve with the position of the control element and the pressure drop on the valve.

Values	`Linear - Area vs. control member position` \| `Tabulated data - Area vs. control member position` \| `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. control member position and pressure drop`
Default value	`Linear - Area vs. control member position`
Program usage name	`restriction_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Control member position at closed orifice — displacement of the control element
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

Displacement of the control element when the opening is fully open. A positive non-zero value indicates a partially closed hole. A negative non-zero value indicates a blocked hole that remains open at the initial offset set by the physical signal on port S.

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`0.0 m`
Program usage name	`min_control_displacement`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Control member travel between closed and opened orifice — maximum stroke of the control
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

The stroke of the control at which the hole is fully open.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. control member position.

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`5e-3 m`
Program usage name	`delta_control_displacement`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Maximum orifice area — maximum cross-sectional area of the hole
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The cross-sectional area of the hole in the fully open position. This parameter is used as an upper limit for calculating the area and pressure during the simulation.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Linear - Area vs. control member position.

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`8e-5 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_orifice_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Control member position vector — vector of positions of the control element
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

Vector of positions of the control element for tabular parameterization of the hole opening area. The elements of the vector must match one-to-one with the elements of the Orifice area vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order, and the first element should be equal to 0. Linear interpolation is used between the points of the tabular data.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. control member position.

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`[0.0, 2e-3, 7e-3] m`
Program usage name	`control_displacement_vector_1D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Orifice area vector — vector of the hole opening area
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The vector of the valve opening area for tabular parameterization of the valve opening area. The elements of the vector must match one-to-one with the elements of the Control member position vector parameter. The items are listed in ascending order and must be larger 0.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Area vs. control member position.

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`[1e-9, 4e-9, 1e-5] m^2`
Program usage name	`orifice_area_vector_1D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Control member position vector, s — displacement vector of the control element
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

The displacement vector of the controls for tabular parameterization of the volume flow. The position vector of the controls forms an independent axis with the parameter Pressure drop vector, dp for the dependent parameter Volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). A positive displacement corresponds to the opening of the valve. The values are listed in ascending order, and the first element should be equal to 0. Linear interpolation is used between the points of the tabular data.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. control member position and pressure drop.

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`[0.0, 2e-3, 4e-3, 7e-3, 1.7e-2] m`
Program usage name	`control_displacement_vector_2D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure drop vector, dp — vector of pressure drop values
Pa | uPa | hPa | kPa | MPa | GPa | kgf/m^2 | kgf/cm^2 | kgf/mm^2 | mbar | bar | kbar | atm | ksi | psi | mmHg | inHg

Details

A vector of n differential pressure values for tabular parameterization of the valve opening area. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the parameter Control member position vector, s for the dependent parameter Volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater. 0. Linear interpolation is used between the points of the tabular data.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. control member position and pressure drop.

Units	`Pa` \| `uPa` \| `hPa` \| `kPa` \| `MPa` \| `GPa` \| `kgf/m^2` \| `kgf/cm^2` \| `kgf/mm^2` \| `mbar` \| `bar` \| `kbar` \| `atm` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `mmHg` \| `inHg`
Default value	`[0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp) — array of volume flow values
m^3/s | mm^3/s | cm^3/s | m^3/hr | m^3/min | l/hr | l/min | l/s | gal/hr | gal/min | gal/s | ft^3/hr | ft^3/min | ft^3/s

Details

A matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of differential pressure and position of the control element. and – these are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:

— the number of elements in the parameter Pressure drop vector, dp;
— the number of elements in the parameter Control member position vector, s.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Orifice parameterization to Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. control member position and pressure drop.

Units	`m^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `cm^3/s` \| `m^3/hr` \| `m^3/min` \| `l/hr` \| `l/min` \| `l/s` \| `gal/hr` \| `gal/min` \| `gal/s` \| `ft^3/hr` \| `ft^3/min` \| `ft^3/s`
Default value	`[1.7e-05 2e-05 2.6e-05; 0.0035 0.0045 0.0053; 0.7 0.9 1.06; 1.96 2.5 3.0; 6.0 7.7 9.13]*1e-3 m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Set orifice pressure differential — threshold of operation of the compensator valve
Pa | uPa | hPa | kPa | MPa | GPa | kgf/m^2 | kgf/cm^2 | kgf/mm^2 | mbar | bar | kbar | atm | ksi | psi | mmHg | inHg

Details

The amount of pressure drop that causes the valve to open or close.

Units	`Pa` \| `uPa` \| `hPa` \| `kPa` \| `MPa` \| `GPa` \| `kgf/m^2` \| `kgf/cm^2` \| `kgf/mm^2` \| `mbar` \| `bar` \| `kbar` \| `atm` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `mmHg` \| `inHg`
Default value	`0.6 MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_set`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure compensator valve regulation range — the area of the fully open pressure compensator valve
Pa | uPa | hPa | kPa | MPa | GPa | kgf/m^2 | kgf/cm^2 | kgf/mm^2 | mbar | bar | kbar | atm | ksi | psi | mmHg | inHg

Details

The cross-sectional area of the valve opening in the fully open position. This parameter is used as an upper limit for calculating the area and pressure during the simulation.

Units	`Pa` \| `uPa` \| `hPa` \| `kPa` \| `MPa` \| `GPa` \| `kgf/m^2` \| `kgf/cm^2` \| `kgf/mm^2` \| `mbar` \| `bar` \| `kbar` \| `atm` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `mmHg` \| `inHg`
Default value	`0.1 MPa`
Program usage name	`p_regulation_range`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure compensator valve maximum area — pressure compensation valve pressure working area
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The operating pressure range of the valve. The pressure control range lies between Set orifice pressure differential and the maximum operating pressure of the valve.

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`12e-5 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_compensator_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Leakage area — the gap area in the fully closed position
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The sum of all clearances when the valve is in the fully closed position. Any area smaller than this value is maintained at the level of the specified leakage area. This contributes to computational robustness by maintaining continuity of flow.

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`1e-10 m^2`
Program usage name	`leakage_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Discharge coefficient — expense ratio

Details

A correction factor that takes into account discharge losses in theoretical flows.

Default value	`0.64`
Program usage name	`C_d`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Critical Reynolds number — the upper limit of the Reynolds number in the laminar flow regime

Details

The upper limit of the Reynolds number in the laminar flow regime through the valve.

Default value	`150.0`
Program usage name	`Re_critical`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Smoothing factor — numerical smoothing factor

Details

The continuous smoothing coefficient, which introduces a level of gradual change based on the flow characteristic when the valve is in the nearly open and nearly closed positions. Set a non-zero value less than one to increase the stability of the simulation in these modes.

Default value	`0.01`
Program usage name	`smoothing_factor`
Evaluatable	Yes