Hydraulic resistance in a pipe in a thermal liquid network.
Description
Block Local Resistance (TL) simulates the pressure losses associated with the user-defined pipe resistance in a thermal liquid network. In the block it is possible to set different values of loss coefficients for forward and return flows through the pipe section.
The loss coefficient can be set as a constant value determined by the pressure in the pipe, or it can be obtained from a custom table of loss coefficients and their corresponding Reynolds numbers.
Constant loss factor
The drag coefficients of the sections where they can be considered constant over a given velocity range are calculated as:
where
and - values of parameters Forward flow loss coefficient (from A to B) и Reverse flow loss coefficient (from B to A) respectively;
- pressure drop .
The critical pressure drop is the pressure difference determined by the critical Reynolds number Critical Reynolds number, , which is the transition point between laminar and turbulent flow regimes:
where
- loss coefficient determined by the critical pressure and based on the average value of loss coefficients in the forward and reverse directions;
ν - kinematic viscosity of the fluid;
ρ - average density of the fluid;
- hydraulic diameter of the section, which is the equivalent diameter of a pipe with a non-circular cross-section: π, where is the value of the parameters Flow area.
Tabular method of parameterization
The loss factor can be determined using user provided Reynolds number and loss factor data. The vector of Reynolds numbers can have both positive and negative values, indicating forward and reverse flow respectively:
Law of conservation of mass
The law of conservation of mass is fulfilled for a section of pipe,
.
The mass flow rate through the pipe section is calculated as:
ρ,
where is the flow loss coefficient, which is chosen between the values of parameters Forward flow loss coefficient (from A to B) и Reverse flow loss coefficient (from B to A) depending on the flow direction in the block.
Port of isothermal liquid, corresponds to the inlet or outlet of liquid from a section of pipe. When the flow direction is positive, the liquid flows from port A to port B.
Port of isothermal liquid, corresponds to the inlet or outlet of liquid from a section of pipe. When the flow direction is positive, the liquid flows from port A to port B.
Program usage name
port_b
Parameters
Main
#Local loss parameterization —
method for calculating hydraulic losses
Constant | Tabulated data - loss coefficient vs. Reynolds number
Details
Method for calculating the loss coefficient in a pipe section.
The loss factor can be set as a constant value determined by the pressure in the pipe, or it can be obtained from a custom table of loss factors and their corresponding Reynolds numbers.
Values
Constant | Tabulated data - loss coefficient vs. Reynolds number
Default value
Constant
Program usage name
resistance_loss_model
Evaluatable
No
#Forward flow loss coefficient (from A to B) —
loss factor for flow from A to B
Details
Loss factor associated with pressure loss for flows from port A to port B.
Default value
1.0
Program usage name
loss_coefficient_a_b
Evaluatable
Yes
#Reverse flow loss coefficient (from B to A) —
loss factor for flow from B to A
Details
Loss factor due to pressure loss for flows from port B to port A.
Default value
1.0
Program usage name
loss_coefficient_b_a
Evaluatable
Yes
#Reynolds number vector —
vector of Reynolds number values in the case of the tabular parameterization method
Details
Vector of Reynolds number values for tabular parameterization of the loss factor. The vector must correspond element by element to the vector Loss coefficient vector. The elements in the vector are given in ascending order.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the parameters to Tabulated data - loss coefficient vs. Local loss parameterization value `Tabulated data - loss coefficient vs. Reynolds number.
Vector 1 on loss factor vector for tabular parameterization of the loss factor, where is the length of the vector of Reynolds number values. The elements of the vector must be greater than 0.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the parameters to Local loss parameterization value Tabulated data - loss coefficient vs. Reynolds number.