Tank (TL)

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A tank in a thermal liquid network.

tank tl

Description

Block Tank (TL) simulates a tank in a thermal liquid network. The tank can be at a constant pressure set by a user-defined signal or at atmospheric pressure. When the tank is pressurised to atmospheric pressure, the block represents a vented tank.

The cistern can exchange energy with its surroundings, allowing its internal temperature and pressure to vary over time. Heat transfer occurs through convection, where fluid enters or leaves the tank, and conduction, where heat energy passes through the walls of the tank and the fluid itself as it enters the tank.

A schematic of the tank is shown in the figure.

tank tl 1 en

The tank can have up to six inlet ports, from A to F. The pressure at the inlet ports of the tank is the sum of the constant pressure in the tank, set in the unit parameters or by an external signal, and the hydrostatic pressure due to the height of the inlet port location.

Heat transfer through the tank walls is modelled using the H thermal port. The temperature set at this port is the temperature of the liquid in the tank.

The volume of liquid

The volume of liquid in the tank is determined from the total mass flow into the tank:

where

- is the total mass of liquid in the tank entering through all ports;
- is the density of the liquid.

Conservation of mass

The equation of conservation of mass in the liquid volume of the tank has the form:

where

- is the mass change of the liquid;
- denotes the mass flow rate of liquid flowing into the tank through the port A, B, C, D, E, F.

Conservation of momentum

The equation of conservation of momentum in the volume of the tank liquid for the port A, B, C, D, E, F is of the form:

where

- liquid pressure at the inlet A, B, C, D, E, F;
- is the constant pressure in the tank;
- dynamic pressure:

When the flow is directed into the tank, the incoming jet disperses into a large volume of liquid, loses momentum, causing to become greater than 0. When the liquid flows out of the tank, the liquid in the volume is accelerated at the port and becomes 0.
- - the density of the liquid at the inlet A, B, C, D, E, F;
- - the cross-sectional area of the inlet port into the tank;
- free fall acceleration;
- liquid level in the tank, or height, relative to the bottom of the tank;
- height of the inlet port location relative to the bottom of the tank.

Conservation of energy

The equation of conservation of energy in the volume of the tank liquid has the form:

where:

- heat capacity of the liquid;
- isobaric bulk modulus of elasticity of liquid;
- liquid temperature;
- denotes energy fluxes entering the tank at the input of A, B, C, D, E, F;
- enthalpy of liquid;
- is the flow of thermal energy entering the tank through the H port.

Ports

Conserving

# A — thermal liquid port
thermal liquid

Details

Entering the tank.

Program usage name

port_a

# H — heat port
heat

Details

Heat transfer at the tank wall.

Program usage name

thermal_port

# B — thermal liquid port
thermal liquid

Details

Additional tank inlet.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets one of the values: 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

Program usage name

port_b

# C — port of thermal liquid
thermal liquid

Details

Additional tank inlet.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets one of the values: 3, 4, 5 or 6.

Program usage name

port_c

# D — thermal liquid port
thermal liquid

Details

Additional tank inlet.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets one of the values: 4, 5 or 6.

Program usage name

port_d

# E — thermal liquid port
thermal liquid

Details

Additional tank inlet.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets value 5 or 6.

Program usage name

port_e

# F — thermal liquid port
thermal liquid

Details

Additional tank inlet.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets value 6.

Program usage name

port_f

Output

# V — liquid volume
scalar

Details

Volume of liquid in the tank in m³.

Data types	`Float64`.
Complex numbers support	No

# L — liquid level
scalar

Details

Liquid level in the tank in m.

Data types	`Float64`
Complex numbers support	No

# T — liquid temperature
scalar

Details

Temperature of the liquid in the tank in K.

Data types	`Float64`.
Complex numbers support	No

Input

# P — tank pressure
scalar

Details

Tank pressure in Pa, given as a scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Pressurization specification value Variable pressure.

Data types	`Float64`.
Complex numbers support	No

Parameters

# Number of inlets — number of input ports
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6

Details

The number of input ports. Setting this parameter to a value of 2 or greater opens additional input ports.

Values	`1` \| `2` \| `3` \| `4` \| `5` \| `6`
Default value	`1`
Program usage name	`port_count`
Evaluatable	No

# Pressurization specification — tank pressure setting method
Atmospheric pressure | Constant specified pressure | Variable pressure

Details

Method of setting tank pressure.

To set a constant pressure that is not equal to atmospheric pressure, set the parameters to Constant specified pressure and specify the pressure value with the parameters Tank pressurization.

To set a variable tank pressure, set this parameter to a value of Variable pressure and supply the tank pressure value as a scalar to the P port.

Values	`Atmospheric pressure` \| `Constant specified pressure` \| `Variable pressure`
Default value	`Atmospheric pressure`
Program usage name	`pressure_type`
Evaluatable	No

# Tank pressurization — user-defined tank pressure
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

User-definable tank pressure.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Pressurization specification value Constant specified pressure.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`0.101325 MPa`
Program usage name	`p_specified`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Tank volume parameterization — tank area characteristics
Constant cross-section area | Tabulated data - volume vs. level

Details

Specifies the characteristics of the tank area.

This parameters is used to determine the liquid level in the tank. If you want to model a tank with a variable cross-sectional area over the height of the tank, you can provide data for the tank volume as a function of the liquid level using the option Tabulated data - volume vs. level.

Values	`Constant cross-section area` \| `Tabulated data - volume vs. level`
Default value	`Constant cross-section area`
Program usage name	`volume_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Tank cross-sectional area — Cross-sectional area of the tank
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area of the tank in the horizontal plane.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Tank volume parameterization value Constant cross-section area.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1.0 m^2`
Program usage name	`tank_cross_section_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Liquid level vector — vector of liquid level values in the tank
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of liquid level values in the tank for the tabular parameterization of the variable tank area. The values in this vector correspond to the values in the parameters Liquid volume vector. The elements must be positive and listed in ascending order. The first element must be equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameter Tank volume parameterization value Tabulated data - volume vs. level.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 3.0, 5.0] m`
Program usage name	`level_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Liquid volume vector — vector of liquid volume values in the tank
l | gal | igal | m^3 | cm^3 | ft^3 | in^3 | km^3 | mi^3 | mm^3 | um^3 | yd^3 | N*m/Pa | N*m/bar | lbf*ft/psi | ft*lbf/psi

Details

Vector of tank liquid volume values for the tabular parameterization of the tank area variable. The values in this vector correspond to the values in the parameters Liquid level vector. The elements must be positive and listed in ascending order. The first element must be equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameter Tank volume parameterization value Tabulated data - volume vs. level.

Values	`l` \| `gal` \| `igal` \| `m^3` \| `cm^3` \| `ft^3` \| `in^3` \| `km^3` \| `mi^3` \| `mm^3` \| `um^3` \| `yd^3` \| `Nm/Pa` \| `Nm/bar` \| `lbfft/psi` \| `ftlbf/psi`
Default value	`[0.0, 4.0, 6.0] m^3`
Program usage name	`V_liquid_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Inlet height — tank inlet height
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

The height of the tanker inlet. The value must be greater than or equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets value 1.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.1 m`
Program usage name	`port_a_height`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Inlet cross-sectional area — cross-sectional area of the tank inlet
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area of the tank inlet port. This value must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Number of inlets value 1.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`0.01 m^2`
Program usage name	`port_a_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Height vector for inlets A and B — vector of height of ports A and B
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Port height vector for enabled input ports A and B. Parameters Height vector for inlets A and B is a vector of values corresponding to the height of each input port starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than or equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to Number of inlets one of the values: 2.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.1] m`
Program usage name	`ports_ab_height_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A and B — vector of cross-sectional areas of input ports A and B
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of cross-sectional areas of tank inlets for included inlet ports A and B. Parameters Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A and B is a vector of values corresponding to the cross-sectional area of each inlet port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to Number of inlets one of the values: 2.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[0.01, 0.01] m^2`
Program usage name	`ports_ab_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Height vector for inlets A, B, and C — vector of height of ports A, B and C
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Port height vector for enabled input ports A, B and C. Parameters Height vector for inlets A, B, and C is a vector of values corresponding to the height of each input port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than or equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to Number of inlets one of the values: 3.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.1, 0.1] m`
Program usage name	`ports_abc_height_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, and C — vector of cross-sectional areas of input ports A, B and C
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of cross-sectional areas of tank inlets for included inlet ports A, B and C. Parameters Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, and C is a vector of values corresponding to the cross-sectional area of each inlet port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to Number of inlets one of the values: 3.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[0.01, 0.01, 0.01] m^2`
Program usage name	`ports_abc_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Height vector for inlets A, B, C and D — vector of height of ports A, B, C and D
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Port height vector for enabled input ports A, B, C and D. Parameters Height vector for inlets A, B, C and D is a vector of values corresponding to the height of each input port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than or equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to Number of inlets one of the values: 4.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1] m`
Program usage name	`ports_abcd_height_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, C and D — vector of cross-sectional areas of the input ports A, B, C and D
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of cross-sectional areas of tank inlets for included inlet ports A, B, C and D. Parameters Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, C and D is a vector of values corresponding to the cross-sectional area of each inlet port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to Number of inlets one of the values: 4.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01] m^2`
Program usage name	`ports_abcd_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Height vector for inlets A, B, C, D and E — vector of height of ports A, B, C, D and E
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Port height vector for enabled input ports A, B, C, D and E. Parameters Height vector for inlets A, B, C, D and E is a vector of values corresponding to the height of each input port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than or equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameter Number of inlets value 5.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1] m`
Program usage name	`ports_abcde_height_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, C, D and E — vector of cross-sectional areas of input ports A, B, C, D and E
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of cross-sectional areas of tank inlets for included inlet ports A, B, C, D and E. Parameters Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, C, D and E is a vector of values corresponding to the cross-sectional area of each inlet port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameter Number of inlets value 5.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01] m^2`
Program usage name	`ports_abcde_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Height vector for inlets A, B, C, D, E and F — vector of height of ports A, B, C, D, E and F
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Port height vector for enabled input ports A, B, C, D, E and F. Parameters Height vector for inlets A, B, C, D, E and F is a vector of values corresponding to the height of each input port, starting with port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than or equal to 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameter Number of inlets value 6.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1] m`
Program usage name	`ports_abcdef_height_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, C, D, E and F — vector of cross-sectional areas of input ports A, B, C, D, E and F
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of cross-sectional areas of tank inlets for included inlet ports A, B, C, D, E and F. The parameters Cross-sectional area vector for inlets A, B, C, D, E and F is a vector of values corresponding to the cross-sectional area of each inlet port, starting from port A. Each element of this vector must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameters Number of inlets value 6.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01] m^2`
Program usage name	`ports_abcdef_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Liquid level below inlet height — notification of low liquid level in the tank
None | Warning | Error

Details

Whether to be notified if the tank liquid level drops below the port inlet elevation during the simulation. Set this parameter to a value of `Warning`if you want to be notified when this happens during a simulation. Set the value to `Error`if you want the simulation to stop when this happens.

Values	`None` \| `Warning` \| `Error`
Default value	`Error`
Program usage name	`low_level_assert_action`
Evaluatable	No

# Liquid volume above max capacity — notification of excess tank volume
None | Warning | Error

Details

Whether to be notified if the volume of liquid in the tank exceeds the maximum tank capacity during the simulation. Set this parameter to `Warning`if you want to be notified when this happens during a simulation. Set the value to `Error`if you want the simulation to stop when this happens.

Values	`None` \| `Warning` \| `Error`
Default value	`None`
Program usage name	`capacity_assert_action`
Evaluatable	No

# Maximum tank capacity — tank filling limit
l | gal | igal | m^3 | cm^3 | ft^3 | in^3 | km^3 | mi^3 | mm^3 | um^3 | yd^3 | N*m/Pa | N*m/bar | lbf*ft/psi | ft*lbf/psi

Details

Tank filling limit.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set parameter Liquid volume above max capacity value Warning or Error.

Values	`l` \| `gal` \| `igal` \| `m^3` \| `cm^3` \| `ft^3` \| `in^3` \| `km^3` \| `mi^3` \| `mm^3` \| `um^3` \| `yd^3` \| `Nm/Pa` \| `Nm/bar` \| `lbfft/psi` \| `ftlbf/psi`
Default value	`10.0 m^3`
Program usage name	`V_capacity`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Gravitational acceleration — free-fall acceleration
gee | m/s^2 | cm/s^2 | ft/s^2 | in/s^2 | km/s^2 | mi/s^2 | mm/s^2

Details

Free-fall acceleration.

Values	`gee` \| `m/s^2` \| `cm/s^2` \| `ft/s^2` \| `in/s^2` \| `km/s^2` \| `mi/s^2` \| `mm/s^2`
Default value	`9.81 m/s^2`
Program usage name	`g`
Evaluatable	Yes