Engee documentation

Wideband Receive Array

Receiving broadband antenna array.

wideband receive array

Description

The Wideband Receive Array block accepts the wideband signal received by the elements of the sensor array. The block divides the input signal into sub-bands, and then applies a phase shift to each sub-band according to the direction of incidence. The resulting sub-band signals are then combined to form the output signal.

Ports

Input

X - received signals
complex vector M by 1 | complex matrix M by N

The received signals are in the form of a complex vector-column M by 1 or a complex matrix M by N. The value M is the duration of the signal and N is the number of elements of the array (or subarray if subarrays are supported).

Dimension Signal

Vector-column M by 1

The same signal is emitted from all elements of the array (subarray).

Matrix M by N

Each column corresponds to the signal emitted by the corresponding element of the array (subarray).

The size of the first dimension of the input matrix may be varied to simulate the varying duration of the signal. The size variation may occur, for example, in the case of a pulsed signal with a variable pulse repetition rate.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Ang - bearing of received input signals
real matrix 2 by L

Signal arrival directions given as a real matrix 2 on L. Each column specifies a bearing in the form of [AzimuthAngle;ElevationAngle]. The azimuth angle must lie in the range from −180° to 180° inclusive. The elevation angle must lie in the range from −90° to 90° inclusive. The units of measurement are degrees.

*Example: [30,20;45,0]

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

W - weights of elements or subarrays
`vector-column N by 1'.

Weights of elements or subarrays given as a complex vector-column of N by 1, where N is the number of array elements (or subarrays if the array supports subarrays).

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Enable weights input checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

WS - subarray element weights input port
complex matrix NSE on N | matrix 1 on N

Subarray element weights given as complex matrix NSE by N or matrix 1 by N, where N is the number of subarrays.

Table 1. Weights of subarray elements
Array property Subarray weights

Replicated Subarray

All subarrays have the same size. Then the weights of the subarrays form a matrix NSE by N. NSE is the number of elements in each subarray, N is the number of subarrays. Each WS column specifies the weights for the corresponding subarray.

Partitioned Array

Subarrays may not have the same size. In this case, the weights of the subarrays can be specified in the form:

  • NSE matrix by N, where NSE is the number of entries in the largest subarray. The first Q entries in each column are the element weights for the subarray, where Q is the number of elements in the subarray.

  • A 1-by-N matrix. Each cell contains a column vector of weights for the corresponding subarray. The column vectors have a length equal to the number of elements in the corresponding subarray.

Dependencies

To use this port, specify Replicated subarray or Partitioned array for the Specify sensor array as parameter, and Custom for the Subarray steering method parameter.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Steer - subarray rotation angle
real vector-column 2 by 1

The angle of rotation of the subarray given as a real vector-column of length 2. The vector has the form [azimuthAngle;elevationAngle]. The azimuth angle must be in the range from −180° to 180° inclusive. The elevation angle must be in the range from −90° to 90° inclusive. The units of measurement are degrees.

Dependencies

To use this port, specify Phase or Time for the Subarray steering method parameters.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Output

Out - output signals
`complex matrix M on L

Output signals given as a complex matrix M on L, where L is the number of emission angles ANG and M is the duration of the input signal X.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Parameters

Main

Propagation speed (m/s) - speed of signal propagation
3e8 (by default) | positive scalar

Propagation speed of the signal as a positive scalar.

By default, the value of the speed of light is 3e8.

The unit of measurement is m/c.

Inherit sample rate - sample rate inheritance
On (by default) | Off.

Select the checkbox to inherit sample rate from upstream blocks. Otherwise, set the sample rate using the Sample rate (Hz) parameters.

Sample rate (Hz) - sampling rate
1e6 (By default) | Positive scalar

The sampling frequency of the signal as a positive scalar. The unit of measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameters, clear the Inherit sample rate checkbox.

Assume modulated input - enable modulated input
Off (By default) | On

Select this checkbox to specify that the input signal is demodulated at the carrier frequency.

Carrier frequency - carrier frequency
1e9 (By default) | scalar

Carrier frequency specified as a scalar.

The unit of measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Assume modulated input checkbox.

Number of subbands - number of narrowband sub-bands
64 (By default) | positive integer.

The number of processing subbands specified as a positive integer.

Sensor gain measure - the sensor gain measure
dB (by default) | dBi.

Sensor gain measure in dB or dBi.

  • When dB is set, the input signal power is scaled by the sensor power (in dB) in the corresponding direction and then summed.

  • When dBi is set, the input signal power is scaled by the radiation pattern (in dBi) in the corresponding direction and then combined. This parameter is useful when you want to compare the results with values calculated from the radar equation, which uses the dBi value to specify the antenna gain. Calculations using the `dBi' parameters are costly because integration in all directions is required to calculate the total radiated power of the sensor.

By default, dB is used.

Enable weights input - enable weights input accounting
enable (by default) | `enable'.

Select this checkbox to set the array weights using the W input port. The input port is only used when the checkbox is selected.

Sensor Array

Specify sensor array as - method to specify the array
Array (no subarrays) (by default) | Single element | Partitioned array | Replicated subarray

Specify a sensor element or an array of sensors. A sensor array can also contain subarrays or be partitioned.

Available values:

  • Single element.

  • Array (no subarrays)

  • Partitioned array

  • Replicated subarray

Element

Element type - types of antenna array elements
Isotropic Antenna (by default) | Cardioid Antenna | Cosine Antenna | Custom Antenna | Gaussian Antenna | Sinc Antenna | Omni Microphone | Custom Microphone

Type of antenna array element.

Available values:

  • Isotropic Antenna.

  • Cardioid Antenna

  • `Cosine Antenna

  • `Custom Antenna

  • `Gaussian Antenna

  • `Sinc Antenna

  • `Omni Microphone

  • `Custom Microphone

Operating frequency range (Hz) - operating frequency range of the antenna array element
[0,1e20] (by default) | ` real vector-string 1 by 2`

The operating frequency range of the antenna array element as a 1-by-2 string-vector in the form of [LowerBound,UpperBound]. The element has no response outside this frequency range. Frequency measurement units are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Baffle the back of the element - consider radiation through the rear beam of the pattern to the rear hemisphere of the Isotropic Antenna element or Omni Microphone.
Off (By default) | `on

Set this flag to exclude radiation to the rear hemisphere. The response from the rear hemisphere at all azimuth angles outside the ±90° interval from the broadside are set to zero. The broadside direction is defined as an azimuth angle of 0° and a place angle of 0°.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Null axis direction - the direction of the axis along the null radiation.
-x (By default) | +x | +y | -y | +z | -z.

Axis direction along the null radiation.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Cardioid Antenna.

Exponent of cosine pattern - exponent of exponent degree when specifying the shape of cosine pattern
[1.5, 1.5] (By default) | non-negative scalar | real matrix of non-negative values 1 by 2.

The exponent of the degree of the exponent of cosine model as a non-negative scalar or a 1-by-2 real matrix of non-negative values. If the Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1 by 2 vector, the first element is the exponent of the exponent degree in the azimuth direction and the second element is the exponent of the exponent degree in the angle-of-place direction. When this parameters is scalar, the cosines in the azimuth and elevation directions are raised to the same degree.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Cosine Antenna.

Operating frequency vector (Hz) - array of operating frequencies of the antenna array element
[0,1e20] (by default) | real string vector

The array of operating frequencies of the antenna array element as a string vector 1 on of increasing real values. The element has no response outside the frequency range given by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. The units of frequency measurement are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone. To set the response at these frequencies, use the Frequency responses (dB) parameters.

Frequency responses (dB) - frequency responses of the antenna array element
[0,0] (by default)| real vector-string.

The frequency response of custom antenna array elements is determined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters. The dimensions of the Frequency responses (dB) vector must match the dimensions of the vector defined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone.

Input Pattern Coordinate System - select the coordinate system of the custom antenna pattern
az-el (by default) | phi-theta.

Selects the user antenna pattern coordinate system, either az-el or phi-theta is specified. When az-el is selected, the Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the directional pattern points. When the `phi-theta parameter is specified, the Phi angle (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the pattern points.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Azimuth angles (deg) - azimuth angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[-180:180] (By default) | real vector-string

The azimuth angle values for which the antenna radiation pattern will be calculated as vector-string 1 at . must be greater than 2. The values of the azimuth angles must lie in the range from −180° to 180° inclusive and be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Elevation angles (deg) - values of antenna pattern location angles
[-90:90] (by default) | real vector-string.

The values of the place angles at which you want to calculate the radiation pattern as vector 1 at . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. The elevation angles must lie in the range from −90° up to and including 90° and be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Phi Angles (deg) - values of Phi angles of the antenna pattern
[0:360] (by default) | ` real vector-line 1 on P`

Angular coordinates Phi of the points at which the antenna radiation pattern is specified. Defined as a real vector-string 1 on . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. The values of the angles Phi must lie in the range from 0° to 360° and be arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Theta Angles (deg) - values of Theta angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[0:180] (by default) | ` real vector-line 1 on Q`

Theta angular coordinates of the points where the antenna radiation pattern is specified. Defined as a real vector-string 1 on . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. Values of the angles Theta must lie in the range from 0° to 180° and be arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Magnitude pattern (dB) is the magnitude of the antenna pattern
zeros(181,361) (by default) | real matrix Q on P | real array Q on P on L

Antenna pattern magnitude given as a matrix by or an array by by .

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, in turn, is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter, in turn, is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The value of is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix to , then the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the value is an array to to , each element to of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Phase pattern (deg) - the phase of the radiation pattern of the custom antenna
zeros(181,361) (By default) | real matrix Q on P | real array Q on P on L

The phase radiation pattern of the combined antenna, given as a matrix on or an array on on .

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, in turn, is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter, in turn, is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The value of is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix to , then the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the value is an array to to , each element to of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Align element normal with array normal - align the normal of the antenna array element with the array normal
On (By default) | Off.

If the parameters value is on, the pattern of the antenna element is rotated to align with the array normal. If off, the pattern of the element is not rotated.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters is set to az-el, checking this checkbox rotates the pattern so that the x-axis of the element coordinate system points along the array normal. If no selection is made, the element pattern without rotation is used.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters is set to phi-theta, checking this checkbox rotates the pattern so that the z-axis of the element coordinate system points along the array normal.

Use this parameter together with the Array Normal parameter of the URA and UCA arrays.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Radiation pattern beamwidth (deg) - width of the antenna pattern beamwidth
[10, 10] (by default) | real scalar | real vector-string 1 by 2

Antenna pattern beamwidth in degrees.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Gaussian Antenna.

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) - values of frequencies for polar pattern of the microphone
1e3 (By default) | real scalar | real vector-string 1 on L.

The frequency values for the polar radiation pattern are given as a real scalar or real vector-string 1 on . The frequencies lie within the frequency range specified by the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern angles (deg) - angle values for the polar pattern of the microphone
[-180:180] (by default) | real vector string 1 on P.

The angle values for the microphone’s polar pattern are specified as a vector . The angles are measured from the centre axis of the microphone and should range from −180° to 180° inclusive.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern (dB) - polar pattern of the microphone
zeros(1,361) (by default) | `real vector string 1 to L'.

Set the polar pattern magnitude of the user microphone element as a real vector-string 1 by , where is the number of frequencies specified in the Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) parameters. The string represents the polar pattern magnitude measured at the corresponding frequency specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). The directional pattern is measured in the azimuth plane. In the azimuth plane, the angle of place is 0° and the centre axis is 0° in azimuth and 0° in elevation. The polar pattern is symmetrical around the centre axis. Based on the polar diagram, you can construct the microphone’s radiation pattern in three-dimensional space.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Array

Geometry - array geometry
ULA (by default) | URA | UCA | Conformal Array

The geometry of the array, specified as:

  • ULA - uniform linear array.

  • URA - uniform rectangular array.

  • UCA - a uniform circular array.

  • Conformal Array - arbitrary arrangement of elements.

Number of elements - number of array elements
2 (by default) | `an integer greater than or equal to 2'.

The number of array elements for ULA or UCA arrays, specified as an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to ULA or UCA.

If the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray this parameter is applied to the subarray.

Array size - URA array size
[2,2] (by default) | ` positive integer` | ` vector of positive integers 1 by 2`

URA array sizes specified as a positive integer or a vector of positive integers 1 by 2.

  • If Array size is a 1-by-2 vector, the vector is [NumberOfArrayRows,NumberOfArrayColumns].

  • If Array size is an integer, then the array has the same number of rows and columns.

For URA, the elements of an array are indexed from top to bottom by the leftmost column and then proceed to the next columns from left to right. The figure shows an array for which the Array size parameters is [3,2], that is, it has three rows and two columns.

mvdr beamformer 1

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA.

If the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray this parameter is applied to the subarray.

Element spacing (m) - spacing between elements
0.5 for ULA arrays and [0.5,0.5] for URA arrays (by default) | positive scalar | positive 2 by 1 vector for URA arrays

The distance between neighbouring elements of an array:

  • ULA - specify the distance between two neighbouring array elements as a positive scalar.

  • URA - specify the distance as a positive scalar or vector of positive values 1 by 2. If Element spacing (m) is a scalar, the distances between rows and columns are equal. If Element spacing (m) is a vector, the vector is [SpacingBetweenArrayRows,SpacingBetweenArrayColumns].

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to ULA or URA.

If the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray this parameter is applied to the subarray.

Array axis - direction of linear axis of ULA
y (By default) | x | z

The direction of the ULA linear axis specified as y, x or z. All elements of the ULA array are uniformly distributed along this axis in the local array coordinate system.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to ULA or the block supports only ULA arrays.

Array normal - the direction of the array normal
x for URA arrays or z for UCA arrays (by default) | y

Array normal direction specified as x, y or z.

All array elements URA and UCA are placed in the yz , zx or xy planes respectively of the array coordinate system.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA or UCA.

Radius of UCA (m) - the radius of the ring array
0.5 (by default) | positive scalar.

Radius of UCA array, positive scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to UCA.

Taper - change of directional pattern of antenna array elements
1 (by default) | complex scalar | complex vector.

The change of the directivity diagram of the antenna array elements is specified as a complex scalar or complex vector 1 at , where is the number of antenna array elements.

The coefficients that change the directivity pattern, also called element weights, multiply the responses of the antenna array elements. The coefficients change both the amplitude and phase of the response to reduce side lobes or the direction of the main response axis.

If the value of the Taper parameters is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, then the weight from the vector is applied to the corresponding antenna array element. The number of weights must correspond to the number of antenna array elements.

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each subarray.

  • For an array of type ULA or UCA, set the element taper as a complex scalar or complex vector-string of size 1 by N, where N represents the number of elements in the array. If Taper is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, the weight from the vector of weights is applied to the corresponding element. A weight must be assigned to each element of the sensor array.

  • For an array of type URA, specify the taper of an element is given as a complex scalar or as a complex matrix M by N. In this matrix, M is the number of elements on the z-axis and N is the number of elements on the y-axis. M and N correspond to the values [NumberofArrayRows,NumberOfArrayColumns] in the Array size matrix. If Taper is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a matrix, the weight from the weight matrix is applied to the corresponding element. A weight must be assigned to each element of the gauge array.

  • For an array of type Conformal Array, the element taper is specified as a complex scalar or a complex vector of 1 by N, where N is the number of elements in the array determined by the size of the Element positions vector. If Taper is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, the weight from the vector of weights is applied to the corresponding element. A weight must be assigned to each element of the gauge array.

Element lattice is a lattice of URA element positions
Rectangular (by default) | Triangular

Lattice of positions of URA elements specified as rectangular or triangular.

  • Rectangular - aligns all elements in row and column directions (rectangular).

  • Triangular - shifts the elements of an even row of a rectangular grid towards the positive direction of the row axis (triangular). The offset is half the distance between the elements by the row size.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to URA.

If the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray this parameter is applied to the subarray.

Element positions (m) - positions of elements of conformal array
[0;0;0] (by default) | ` real matrix 3 by N`

Positions of array elements of Conformal Array type, given as a 3 by N matrix of real values, where N is the number of elements in the conformal array. Each column of this matrix represents the position [x;y;z] of an array element in the array’s local coordinate system. The origin of the local coordinate system is (0,0,0). The units of measurement are metres.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to Conformal Array.

If the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray this parameter is applied to the subarray.

Element normals (deg) - direction of normal vectors of conformal array elements
[0;0] (by default) | ` vector-column 2 by 1` | ` matrix 2 by N`

The direction of the vectors of normals of the elements of a conformal array, given as a 2-by-1 column vector or a 2-by-N matrix. N denotes the number of elements in the array. For a matrix, each column specifies the direction of the normal of the corresponding element in the form [azimuth;elevation] with respect to the local coordinate system. In the local coordinate system, the positive x-axis coincides with the normal direction of the conformal array. If the parameter value is a 2-by-1 column vector, the same pointing direction is used for all array elements.

The parameters Element positions (m) and Element normals (deg) can be used to represent any arrangement in which pairs of elements differ from each other by certain transformations. These transformations may include translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation with respect to the direction of the normal.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to Conformal Array.

If the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray this parameter is applied to the subarray.

*Subarray definition matrix` - definition of elements belonging to subarrays
`logical matrix M by N

Define the subarray selection as an M by N matrix. M is the number of subarrays, N is the total number of elements in the array. Each row of the matrix represents a subarray, and each entry in the row indicates whether the element belongs to this subarray. If the entry is zero, the element does not belong to the subarray. A non-zero entry represents the complex weight applied to the corresponding element. Each row must contain at least one non-zero entry.

The phase centre of each subarray is at the geometric centre of the subarray. The geometric centre of a subarray depends on the subarray definition matrix and Geometry parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameters to Partitioned Array.

Subarray steering method - subarray steering method
None (by default) | Phase | Time | Custom

Subarray steering method, specified as:

  • None.

  • Phase

  • Time

  • Custom

Selecting Phase or Time allows the Steer input port to be used.

Selecting Custom allows the WS input port to be used.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameters to Partitioned Array or Replicated subarray.

Phase shifter frequency (Hz) - frequency of phase shift of the subarray
3.0e8 (By default) | Positive scalar

The operating frequency of the subarray phase shift, specified as a positive real scalar. The unit of measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set the Subarray steering method parameter to Phase.

Number of bits in phase shifters - phase shift quantisation bits
0 (by default) | non-negative integer.

Subarray phase shift quantisation bits specified as a non-negative integer. A value equal to zero means that quantisation is not performed.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set the Subarray steering method parameter to Phase.

Subarrays layout - subarray layout
Rectangular (by default) | Custom

Specify the layout of repeating subarrays.

  • Rectangular - parameters Grid size and Grid spacing are used to place subarrays.

  • Custom - parameters Subarray positions (m) and Subarray normals are used to place subarrays.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameters to Replicated subarray.

Grid size - dimensions of the rectangular grid of the subarray
[1,2] (by default) | an integer positive scalar | a vector-string of positive integers 1 by 2

The grid size of a rectangular subarray, specified as a single positive integer or a vector-string of positive integers 1 by 2.

  • If Grid size is an integer scalar, the array has an equal number of subarrays in each row and each column.

  • If Grid size is a 1-by-2 row vector of the form [NumberOfRows, NumberOfColumns], then the first variable is the number of subarrays in each column. The second variable is the number of subarrays in each row. A row is along the local y-axis and a column is along the local z-axis. The figure shows how a URA 3 by 2 subarray can be reproduced when the Grid size parameters is set to [1,2].

mvdr beamformer 2

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Rectangular.

Grid spacing (m) - distance between subarrays on a rectangular grid
Auto (by default) | positive scalar | positive real vector 1 by 2

The distance between subarrays in a rectangular grid, given as a positive real scalar or vector 1 by 2 or Auto. The units of measure are metres.

  • If Grid spacing is a scalar, the row and column spacing is the same.

  • If Grid spacing is a 1 by 2 row vector, the vector is of the form [SpacingBetweenRows, SpacingBetweenColumn], the first variable specifies the row spacing along the column. The second variable is the spacing between columns along the row.

  • If the Grid spacing parameters are set to Auto, replication preserves the spacing between subarray elements for both rows and columns when building a full array. This option is available only if ULA or URA is selected for the Geometry parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Rectangular.

Subarray positions (m) - subarray positions
[0,0;0.5,0.5;0,0] (by default) | real matrix 3 by N

The positions of subarrays in the user grid, given as a 3-by-N real matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix represents the position of one subarray in the local coordinate system of the array. The coordinates are expressed as [x; y; z]. The units of measurement are metres.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Custom.

Subarray normals - direction of subarray normals
[0,0;0,0] (by default) | ` real matrix 2 by N`

The direction of the array subarray normals. The value of this parameters is a 2 by N matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix specifies the normal direction of the corresponding subarray in the form [azimuth;elevation]. The units of angles are degrees. Angles are defined relative to the local coordinate system.

The Subarray positions and Subarray normals parameters can be used to represent any arrangement in which pairs of subarrays are distinguished by certain transformations. These transformations may include translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation with respect to a normal.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Custom.

Element

Element type - array element types
Isotropic Antenna (by default) | Cosine Antenna | Custom Antenna | Omni Microphone | Custom Microphone

Antenna or microphone type.

Available values:

  • Isotropic Antenna.

  • Cosine Antenna

  • Custom Antenna

  • Omni Microphone

  • `Custom Microphone

Exponent of cosine pattern - exponent of cosine degree for cosine pattern
[1.5 1.5] (by default) | non-negative scalar | matrix of non-negative values 1 by 2

The exponent of cosine degree for a cosine directional pattern model as a non-negative scalar or a 1 by 2 matrix of non-negative values. If the Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1 by 2 vector, the first element is the degree exponent in the azimuth plane and the second element is the degree exponent in the meridional plane. When this parameter is scalar, the cosines in the azimuthal and meridional directions are raised to the same degree.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Cosine Antenna.

Operating frequency range (Hz) is the operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element
[0,1e20] (By default) | vector string 1 to 2

Set the operating frequency range of the antenna or microphone element as a 1-by-2 string vector in the form [LowerBound,UpperBound]. The element has no response outside this frequency range. The unit of frequency measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element Type parameters to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Operating frequency vector (Hz) - the operating frequency vector of the antenna or sensor
[0,1e20] (by default) | vector-line 1 to L.

Specify the frequencies at which you want to set the frequency response of the antenna and sensor as a vector-string 1 on L with increasing values. The antenna or sensor element has no response outside the frequency range given by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. The units of frequency measurement are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone. Use Frequency responses (dB) to adjust the response at these frequencies.

Frequency responses (dB) is the frequency response of the antenna and transducer [0,0] (by default) | vector-line 1 to L.

Frequency response of a custom antenna or custom sensor for the frequencies specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters. The size of the Frequency responses (dB) must match the size of the vector specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone.

Input Pattern Coordinate System - the coordinate system of the custom antenna pattern
az-el (by default) | phi-theta.

Coordinate system of the user antenna pattern, specified by az-el or phi-theta. When az-el is specified, the parameters Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) are used to specify the coordinates of the directional pattern points. When the phi-theta parameter is specified, the Phi angle (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the pattern points.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Azimuth angles (deg) - azimuth angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[-180:180] (By default)` | vector-line 1 to P.

The azimuth angles at which the antenna radiation pattern will be calculated as vector-string 1 at P. P must be greater than 2. The azimuth angles shall lie in the range from −180° to 180° inclusive and shall be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Elevation angles (deg) - the elevation angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[-90:90] (by default) | vector-line 1 on Q

Elevation angles at which to calculate the radiation pattern as vector-string 1 on Q. Q must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. Elevation angles must lie in the range from −90° up to and including 90° and be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Phi Angles (deg) - coordinates of the Phi angle of the antenna radiation pattern
[0:360] (by default) | vector-line 1 on P

Angular coordinates Phi of the points at which the antenna radiation pattern is specified. They are specified as a real vector-string 1 on P. P must be greater than 2. The units of angles are degrees. The angles Phi must lie in the range from 0° to 360° and be arranged in a strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Theta Angles (deg) - coordinates of theta angle of the antenna radiation pattern
[0:180] (by default) | vector-line 1 on Q

Theta angular coordinates of the points where the antenna radiation pattern is specified. They are specified as a real vector-string 1 on Q. Q must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. The Theta angles must lie in the range from 0° to 180° and be arranged in a strictly increasing order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Magnitude pattern (dB) is the amplitude of the radiation pattern of the combination antenna
zeros(181,361) (by default) | matrix Q on P | array Q on P on L

The amplitude of the radiation pattern of a compound antenna, given as a matrix Q on P or an array of Q on P on L.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, Q is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, and P is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, then Q is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter, and P is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The value of L is equal to the value of the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix Q over P, the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the parameter is a Q by P by L array, each page of the Q by P array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Phase pattern (deg) - the phase of the directional pattern of the custom antenna
zeros(181,361) (by default) | matrix Q on P | array Q on P on L

The phase of the radiation pattern of the combined antenna, given as a matrix Q on P or an array of Q on P on L.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, Q is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, and P is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, then Q is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter, and P is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The value of L is equal to the value of the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix Q over P, the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the parameter is a Q by P by L array, each page of the Q by P array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

MatchArrayNormal - rotation of the antenna element to the grid normal
On (by default) | Off

Select this checkbox to rotate the antenna element pattern according to the grid normal. If the checkbox is not selected, the element pattern is not rotated.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters are set to az-el, select this check box to rotate the pattern so that the axis of the element coordinate system is along the normal of the array. If the check box is not selected, the pattern of the element without rotation is used.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters are set to phi-theta, checking this check box rotates the pattern so that the axis of the element coordinate system is directed along the normal of the array.

Use this parameter in combination with the Array normal parameters of the arrays and .

Dependencies

To use this parameters, set Element Type to Custom Antenna.

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) - the polar pattern frequencies of the microphone response
1e3 (By default) | vector string 1 to M.

The response frequencies of a polar pattern microphone, specified as a real scalar or string vector of dimension 1 on M. The response frequencies lie within the frequency range specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element Type parameter to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern angles (deg) - polar pattern response angles
[-180:180] (By default) | vector line 1 to N.

Specify the response angles of the polar pattern angles as a vector-string 1 by N. The angles are measured from the centre axis of the microphone and should range from −180° to 180° inclusive.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set Element Type to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern (dB) - custom microphone polar pattern
zeros(1,361) (By default) | matrix M to N.

Set the amplitude of the polar patterns of the custom microphone elements as an M by N matrix. M is the number of frequencies specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). N is the number of angles specified in Polar pattern angles (deg). Each row of the matrix represents the polar pattern amplitude measured at the corresponding frequency specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) and all angles specified in Polar pattern angles (deg). The directional pattern is measured in the azimuth plane. In the azimuth plane, the elevation angle is 0° and the centre axis of the receiver is 0° in azimuth and 0° in elevation. The polar pattern is symmetrical around the centre axis. Based on the polar pattern, you can construct the microphone pattern in three-dimensional space.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set Element Type to Custom Microphone.

Baffle the back of the element - muffle the echo of the element
off (by default) | on.

Select this checkbox to muffle the back lobe of the element’s directional pattern.

In the rear half-plane, the directional pattern is set to zero at all azimuth angles greater than ±90° from the broadside. Centre the front half-plane at an azimuth angle of 0° and an elevation angle of 0°.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna or Omni Microphone.