Amplifier
A complex model of a baseband amplifier with noise and non-linearities.
blockType: Amplifier
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Path in the library: |
Description
Block Amplifier It is a complex model of a baseband amplifier with thermal noise. This block includes four non-linearity models and three options for setting the noise representation.
Ports
Input
#
In
—
the baseband signal
real scalar | real column | complex scalar | complex column
Details
A baseband signal defined as a real scalar or column, complex scalar or column.
| Data types |
|
| Complex numbers support |
Yes |
Output
#
Out
—
the baseband signal
real scalar | real column | complex scalar | complex column
Details
A baseband signal defined as a real scalar or column, complex scalar or column. The output signal has the same data type as the input signal.
For example, if the input signal is set as a real scalar with the data type Float64, then the output signal is also set as a real signal with the data type Float64.
| Data types |
|
| Complex numbers support |
Yes |
Parameters
Main
#
Model —
The amplifier’s non-linearity model
cubic | ampm | modified-rapp | saleh
Details
A model of the nonlinearity of the amplifier. Set as:
-
'cubic` – uses a linear power gain to determine the linear coefficient of a third-order polynomial and either IP3, P1dB, or Psat to determine the coefficient of the third-order polynomial.
-
'ampm' – uses a lookup table to calculate the power characteristics of an amplifier.
-
modified-rapp– uses a normalized transfer function to calculate the amplifier’s power characteristics. -
'saleh' – uses a normalized transfer function to calculate the power characteristics of the amplifier.
| Values |
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| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
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| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Linear power gain (dB) —
linear gain of the amplifier
Real number
Details
A linear gain factor specified as a scalar.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic or `modified-rapp'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
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| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Type of Non-linearity —
type of third-order nonlinearity
IIP3 | OIP3 | IP1dB | OP1dB | IPsat | OPsat
Details
The type of third-order nonlinearity is indicated as 'IIP3`, OIP3, IP1dB, OP1dB, IPsat or `OPsat'.
| Values |
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| Default value |
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| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Input third-order intercept point (dBm) —
the third-order intercept entry point
Real number
Details
The input intercept point of the third order, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and the Type of Non-Linearity parameter to IIP3.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output third-order intercept point (dBm) —
the output intercept point of the third order
Real number
Details
The output intercept point of the third order, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and the Type of Non-Linearity parameter to OIP3.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Input 1 dB compression point (dBm) —
The input compression point is 1 dB
Real number
Details
The input compression point is 1 dB, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and the Type of Non-Linearity parameter to IP1dB.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output 1 dB compression point (dBm) —
The output compression point is 1 dB
Real number
Details
The output compression point is 1 dB, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and the Type of Non-Linearity parameter to OP1dB.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Input saturation point (dBm) —
input saturation point
Real number
Details
The saturation point of the input signal is set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and the Type of Non-Linearity parameter to IPsat.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output saturation point (dBm) —
saturation point of the output signal
Real number
Details
The saturation point of the output signal is set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and the Type of Non-Linearity parameter to OPsat.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Lookup table (Pin(dBm), Pout(dBm), deg) —
the search table
Matrix of real numbers
Details
The values of the search table, set as a real matrix on . This table expresses the output power level of the model in dBm in the 2nd column of the matrix and the phase change of the model in degrees in the 3rd column of the matrix, depending on the absolute value of the input power in the 1st column of the matrix for the AM/AM - AM/PM model. The input signal power in 1 column should increase monotonously.
The interp1 function with the linear method is used to extrapolate and interpolate the data points specified in the search table. In addition, for extrapolating input data points that are less than the lowest input power value specified in the search table, the AM/AM extrapolation uses the slope of the function 1 and a constant phase value equal to the phase of the lowest input power.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to ampm.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Linear power gain (dB) —
the description is missing
Real number
Details
The description is missing.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output saturation level (V) —
saturation level of the output signal
Real number
Details
The saturation level of the output voltage is set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to `modified-rapp'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Magnitude smoothness factor —
magnitude smoothing coefficient
Real number
Details
The magnitude smoothing coefficient for AM/AM calculations of the modified-rapp model is set as a positive real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to `modified-rapp'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Phase gain (rad) —
phase gain
Real number
Details
The phase gain for the AM/PM model calculations is given as a real scalar in radians.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to `modified-rapp'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Phase saturation —
phase saturation
Real number
Details
The phase saturation for the AM/PM calculations of the modified-rapp model is set as a positive real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to `modified-rapp'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Phase smoothness factor —
phase smoothing coefficient
Scalar / matrix of real numbers
Details
The phase smoothing coefficient for AM/PM calculations of the modified-rapp model is set as a positive real number or a vector of two tuples.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to `modified-rapp'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Input scaling (dB) —
zoom level of the input signal
Real number
Details
The zoom level of the input signal for the saleh model is set as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
AM/AM parameters [alpha beta] —
AM/AM conversion parameters
Matrix of real numbers
Details
The parameters for converting AM/AM into two tuples for the saleh model are set as a two-element vector of non-negative real numbers.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
AM/PM parameters [alpha beta] —
AM/FM conversion parameters
Matrix of real numbers
Details
The parameters for converting AM/FM into two tuples for the saleh model are set as a two-element vector of non-negative real numbers.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output scaling (dB) —
scaling factor of the output signal level
Real number
Details
The scaling factor of the output signal level for the saleh model is set as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
Main
#
Include noise —
turning on the noise
Logical
Details
Select this option to add system noise to the input signal. After selecting this option, the options associated with the Noise tab are displayed.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Specify noise type —
type of noise
noise-temperature | NF | noise-factor
Details
The type of noise is set as:
-
`noise-temperature' – noise temperature.
-
'NF' is the noise factor.
-
'noise-factor` – noise factor.
Dependencies
To use this option, check the box for the Include noise option.
| Values |
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| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
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| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Noise temperature (K) —
the temperature of the noise in the amplifier
Real number
Details
The noise temperature for noise simulation in an amplifier is set as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and set the value for Specify noise type to `noise-temperature'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
NF (dB) —
the noise factor in the amplifier
Real number
Details
The noise factor for noise simulation in an amplifier is given as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and set the value for Specify noise type to `NF'.
Dependencies
To use this option, check the box for the Include noise option.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Noise factor —
the noise factor in the amplifier
Real number
Details
The noise coefficient for noise simulation in an amplifier is given as a positive integer scalar, .
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and set the value for Specify noise type to `noise-factor'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Seed source —
source of the initial value
auto | user
Details
The source of the initial value used to prepare a random number Gaussian noise generator. Set as:
-
auto– the source for each amplifier is generated using a random number generator. The instance reset method has no effect. -
The `user' value specified in Seed is used to initialize the random number generator, and the reset method resets the random number generator using the value of the Seed property.
Dependencies
To use this option, check the box for the Include Noise option.
| Values |
|
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Seed —
the initial value of the random number generator
Real number
Details
The initial value for the random number generator, set as a non-negative integer, . Use this value to initialize the random number generator.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and set the value for Seed source to `user'.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
Literature
-
Razavi, Behzad. "Basic Concepts in RF Microelectronics.", 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2012.
-
Rapp, C., "Effects of HPA-Nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK/OFDM-Signal for a Digital Sound Broadcasting System." Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Satellite Communications, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 22-24, 1991, pp. 179-184.
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Saleh, A.A.M., "Frequency-independent and frequency-dependent nonlinear models of TWT amplifiers." IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. COM-29, pp.1715-1720, November 1981.
-
IEEE 802.11-09/0296r16. "TGad Evaluation Methodology." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.https://www.ieee.org/
-
Kundert, Ken. "Accurate and Rapid Measurement of IP2 and IP3," The Designer Guide Community, May 22, 2002.