Amplifier
A complex model of a baseband amplifier with noise and non-linearities.
blockType: Amplifier
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Path in the library: |
Description
Block Amplifier It is a complex model of a baseband amplifier with thermal noise. This block includes four non-linearity models and three options for setting the noise representation.
Ports
Input
#
In
—
baseband signal
the real scalar | the real column | the complex scalar | the complex column
Details
A baseband signal defined as a real scalar or column, complex scalar or column.
| Data types |
|
| Complex numbers support |
Yes |
Output
#
Out
—
baseband signal
the real scalar | the real column | the complex scalar | the complex column
Details
The baseband signal returned as a real scalar or column, complex scalar or column. The output signal has the same data type as the input signal.
For example, if the input signal is set as a real scalar with the data type Float64, then the output signal is also specified as a real signal with the data type Float64.
| Data types |
|
| Complex numbers support |
Yes |
Parameters
Main
#
Model —
The amplifier’s non-linearity model
cubic | ampm | modified-rapp | saleh
Details
A model of the nonlinearity of the amplifier. Set as:
-
cubic– uses a linear power gain to determine the linear coefficient of a third-order polynomial and either IP3, P1dB, or Psat to determine the coefficient of a third-order polynomial. -
ampm– uses a lookup table to calculate the power characteristics of the amplifier. -
modified-rapp– uses a normalized transfer function to calculate the power characteristics of the amplifier. -
saleh– uses a normalized transfer function to calculate the power characteristics of the amplifier.
| Values |
|
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
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| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Linear power gain (dB) —
linear gain, dB
Real number
Details
Linear gain in Db, set as a scalar.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Type of Non-linearity —
type of third-order nonlinearity
IIP3 | OIP3 | IP1dB | OP1dB | IPsat | OPsat
Details
The type of third-order nonlinearity is indicated as IIP3, OIP3, IP1dB, OP1dB, IPsat or OPsat.
| Values |
|
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Input third-order intercept point (dBm) —
the third-order intercept entry point
Real number
Details
The input intercept point of the third order, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and for the Type of Non-Linearity value IIP3.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output third-order intercept point (dBm) —
the output intercept point of the third order
Real number
Details
The output intercept point of the third order, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and for the Type of Non-Linearity value OIP3.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Input 1 dB compression point (dBm) —
The input compression point is 1 dB
Real number
Details
The input compression point is 1 dB, specified as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and for the Type of Non-Linearity value IP1dB.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output 1 dB compression point (dBm) —
The output compression point is 1 dB
Real number
Details
The output compression point is 1 dB, set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and for the Type of Non-Linearity value OP1dB.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Input saturation point (dBm) —
input saturation point
Real number
Details
The saturation point of the input signal is set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and for the Type of Non-Linearity value IPsat.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output saturation point (dBm) —
saturation point of the output signal
Real number
Details
The saturation point of the output signal is set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to cubic and for the Type of Non-Linearity value OPsat.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Lookup table (Pin(dBm), Pout(dBm), deg) —
the search table
Matrix of real numbers
Details
The values of the search table, set as a real matrix on . This table expresses the output power level of the model in dBm in the 2nd column of the matrix and the phase change of the model in degrees in the 3rd column of the matrix, depending on the absolute value of the input power in the 1st column of the matrix for the AM/AM - AM/PM model. The input signal power in 1 column should increase monotonously.
To extrapolate and interpolate the data points specified in the search table, the function is used interp1 with the method linear. In addition, for extrapolating input data points that are less than the lowest input power value specified in the search table, the AM/AM extrapolation uses the slope of the function 1 and a constant phase value equal to the phase of the lowest input power.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to ampm.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Linear power gain (dB) —
linear gain, dB
Real number
Details
Linear gain in Db, set as a scalar.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to modified-rapp.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output saturation level (V) —
saturation level of the output signal
Real number
Details
The saturation level of the output voltage is set as a real positive number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to modified-rapp.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Magnitude smoothness factor —
magnitude smoothing coefficient
Real number
Details
Magnitude smoothing coefficient for AM/AM model calculations modified-rapp, is set as a positive real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to modified-rapp.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Phase gain (rad) —
phase gain
Real number
Details
The phase gain for the AM/PM model calculations is given as a real scalar in radians.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to modified-rapp.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Phase saturation —
phase saturation
Real number
Details
Phase saturation for AM/PM model calculations modified-rapp, is set as a positive real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to modified-rapp.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Phase smoothness factor —
phase smoothing coefficient
Scalar / matrix of real numbers
Details
Phase smoothing coefficient for AM/PM model calculations modified-rapp, is given as a positive real number or a vector of two tuples.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to modified-rapp.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Input scaling (dB) —
zoom level of the input signal
Real number
Details
The zoom level of the input signal for the model saleh, is set as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
AM/AM parameters [alpha beta] —
AM/AM conversion parameters
Matrix of real numbers
Details
Parameters for converting AM/AM into two tuples for the model saleh, are given as a two-element vector of non-negative real numbers.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
AM/PM parameters [alpha beta] —
AM/FM conversion parameters
Matrix of real numbers
Details
Parameters for converting AM/FM into two tuples for the model saleh, are given as a two-element vector of non-negative real numbers.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Output scaling (dB) —
scaling factor of the output signal level
Real number
Details
Scaling factor of the output signal level for the model saleh, is set as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, set the Model parameter to saleh.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
Main
#
Include noise —
turning on the noise
Logical
Details
Select this option to add system noise to the input signal. After selecting this option, the options associated with the Noise tab are displayed.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Specify noise type —
type of noise
noise-temperature | NF | noise-factor
Details
The type of noise is set as:
-
noise-temperature– noise temperature. -
NF– the noise factor. -
noise-factor– the noise factor.
Dependencies
To use this option, check the box for the Include noise option.
| Values |
|
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Noise temperature (K) —
the temperature of the noise in the amplifier
Real number
Details
The noise temperature for noise simulation in an amplifier is set as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and for the Specify noise type value noise-temperature.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
NF (dB) —
the noise factor in the amplifier
Real number
Details
The noise factor for noise simulation in an amplifier is given as a non-negative real number.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and for the Specify noise type value NF.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Noise factor —
the noise factor in the amplifier
Real number
Details
The noise coefficient for noise simulation in an amplifier is given as a positive integer scalar, .
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and for the Specify noise type value noise-factor.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
#
Seed source —
source of the initial value
auto | user
Details
The source of the initial value used to prepare a random number Gaussian noise generator. Set as:
-
auto– The source for each amplifier is generated using a random number generator. The instance reset method has no effect. -
user– the value specified in Seed is used to initialize the random number generator, and the reset method resets the random number generator using the value of the Seed property.
Dependencies
To use this option, check the box for the Include Noise option.
| Values |
|
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
No |
#
Seed —
the initial value of the random number generator
Real number
Details
The initial value for the random number generator, set as a non-negative integer, . Use this value to initialize the random number generator.
Dependencies
To use this parameter, check the box for the Include Noise parameter and set the value for Seed source user.
| Default value |
|
| Program usage name |
|
| Tunable |
No |
| Evaluatable |
Yes |
Literature
-
Razavi, Behzad. "Basic Concepts in RF Microelectronics.", 2nd edition, Prentice Hall, 2012.
-
Rapp, C., "Effects of HPA-Nonlinearity on a 4-DPSK/OFDM-Signal for a Digital Sound Broadcasting System." Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Satellite Communications, Liege, Belgium, Oct. 22-24, 1991, pp. 179-184.
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Saleh, A.A.M., "Frequency-independent and frequency-dependent nonlinear models of TWT amplifiers." IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. COM-29, pp.1715-1720, November 1981.
-
IEEE 802.11-09/0296r16. "TGad Evaluation Methodology." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.https://www.ieee.org/
-
Kundert, Ken. "Accurate and Rapid Measurement of IP2 and IP3," The Designer Guide Community, May 22, 2002.