M-Way N-Position Directional Valve (IL)

M is a linear N-position distributor in an isothermal fluid network.

blockType: EngeeFluids.IsothermalLiquid.Valves.DirectionalControl.MWayNPosition

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/Physical Modeling/Fluids/Isothermal Liquid/Valves & Orifices/Directional Control Valves/M-Way N-Position Directional Valve (IL)

Description

Block M-Way N-Position Directional Valve (IL) It is a spool distributor with an arbitrary configuration of working lines, spool positions and channels. The unit can have up to ten operating lines, up to ten spool positions, and up to twenty channels. Valves with a large number of configurations are most common in the construction, agriculture, and automotive industries. It is possible to set identical characteristics of the flow section for all channels, or set them individually for each channel. The channel characteristic can be set as a linear or tabular dependence on the position of the spool, or as a tabular dependence of the volume flow on the pressure drop when the channel is fully open. The scalar signal on port S sets the position of the spool. Detailed information on how the flow rate is calculated through a variable cross-sectional area is provided on the reference page of the block. Orifice (IL).

Parameterization of distributor channels

If for the parameter Area characteristics the value is set Different for each flow path, then the parameters specified in sections Orifice 1,…,20 are set for each channel. For example, if for the parameter Number of orifices the value is set 3, parameter sections are displayed Orifice 1, Orifice 2 and Orifice 3 for the first, second and third channels, respectively. Each section has the same parameter names, followed by the number of this channel.

The S signal for each channel sets the relative position of the spool according to this table.:

Area characteristics

	Area characteristics
Orifice parameterization	`Identical for all flow paths`	`Different for each flow path`
`Linear - Area vs. spool travel` or `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel)`	orifice.S = 0 m when the channel is fully open. orifice.S when the channel is completely closed, where — this is the parameter value Inter-position spool travel fraction for which orifices transition between open-closed.	orifice.S = 0 m when the channel is fully open. orifice.S when the channel is completely closed, where — this is the value of the Spool travel parameter for which orifice transitions between open-closed.
`Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel`	There is no parameterization	orifice.S = 0 m when the channel is fully open. In all other positions, the value is orifice.S is the first or last element of the extended version of the parameter. Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 when the channel is completely closed. If the parameter Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 It does not contain positive or negative values, the expanded version of the vector additionally contains values of the spool position that are symmetrical relative to 0. The leakage area for the channel corresponds to the first and last elements of the extended vector. The channel can have different values of the leakage area if the parameter Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 It has both a negative and a positive area.

Orifice parameterization

Identical for all flow paths

Different for each flow path

Linear - Area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel)

orifice.S = 0 m when the channel is fully open.

orifice.S when the channel is completely closed, where — this is the parameter value Inter-position spool travel fraction for which orifices transition between open-closed.

orifice.S = 0 m when the channel is fully open.

orifice.S when the channel is completely closed, where — this is the value of the Spool travel parameter for which orifice transitions between open-closed.

Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel

There is no parameterization

orifice.S = 0 m when the channel is fully open.

In all other positions, the value is orifice.S is the first or last element of the extended version of the parameter. Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 when the channel is completely closed. If the parameter Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 It does not contain positive or negative values, the expanded version of the vector additionally contains values of the spool position that are symmetrical relative to 0. The leakage area for the channel corresponds to the first and last elements of the extended vector. The channel can have different values of the leakage area if the parameter Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 It has both a negative and a positive area.

In the parameter group Orifice 1 only the parameters for channel 1 are given. The parameters for the other channels are identical to the parameters of channel 1, except for the numbers in their names and the cases mentioned in the description of the parameters for channel 1.

Assumptions and limitations

It is assumed that each channel has a symmetrical characteristic on both sides of a single distributor position, if for the parameter Area characteristics the value is set Different for each flow path.
It is assumed that each channel has a symmetrical characteristic on both sides of a single distributor position, proportionally scaled by the distance between neighboring parameter elements. Spool travel at each spool position index if for the parameter Area characteristics the value is set Identical for all flow paths.

Ports

Input

# S — distributor spool position
scalar

Details

The position of the distributor spool in m.

Data types	`Float64`
Complex numbers support	No

Conserving

# 1 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Program usage name

port1

# 2 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 2.

Program usage name

port2

# 3 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 3.

Program usage name

port3

# 4 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 4.

Program usage name

port4

# 5 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 5.

Program usage name

port5

# 6 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 6.

Program usage name

port6

# 7 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 7.

Program usage name

port7

# 8 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 8.

Program usage name

port8

# 9 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 9.

Program usage name

port9

# 10 — isothermal fluid port
isothermal liquid

Details

The working line.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the parameter Number of ports The value ≥ 10.

Program usage name

port10

Parameters

Valve Configuration

# Number of ports — number of distributor ports
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

Details

Number of ports . Maximum number of ports — 10.

Values	`2` \| `3` \| `4` \| `5` \| `6` \| `7` \| `8` \| `9` \| `10`
Default value	`5`
Program usage name	`port_count`
Evaluatable	No

# Number of spool positions — number of spool positions
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

Details

Number of spool positions . Maximum number — 10.

Values	`2` \| `3` \| `4` \| `5` \| `6` \| `7` \| `8` \| `9` \| `10`
Default value	`4`
Program usage name	`position_count`
Evaluatable	No

# Spool travel at each spool position index — the position vector of the spool corresponding to its positions
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

The values of the spool positions. Each element corresponds to a separate position of the spool. The number of elements of this vector is equal to the value of the parameter Number of spool positions, . Meaning 0 corresponds to the neutral position of the spool.

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`[-2.0, 0.0, 2.0, 4.0] mm`
Program usage name	`spool_position_displacements`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Number of orifices — number of channels
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20

Details

The number of channels. Maximum number — 20.

Values	`1` \| `2` \| `3` \| `4` \| `5` \| `6` \| `7` \| `8` \| `9` \| `10` \| `11` \| `12` \| `13` \| `14` \| `15` \| `16` \| `17` \| `18` \| `19` \| `20`
Default value	`4`
Program usage name	`orifice_count`
Evaluatable	No

# Area characteristics — the method of defining channel characteristics
Identical for all flow paths | Different for each flow path

Details

Sets identical or individual flow characteristics for the passage section of the channels:

Identical for all flow paths — identical characteristics for all distributor channels.
Different for each flow path — individual characteristics are set for channels.

Values	`Identical for all flow paths` \| `Different for each flow path`
Default value	`Identical for all flow paths`
Program usage name	`area_characteristics`
Evaluatable	No

# Orifice parameterization — the method of calculating the area of channels
Linear - Area vs. spool travel | Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel)

Details

A method for calculating the cross-sectional area of channels during modeling.

With tabular parameterization, it is possible to set a non-linear profile of the flow characteristics of the channels in the form of a dependence of the volume flow on the pressure drop.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Identical for all flow paths.

Values	`Linear - Area vs. spool travel` \| `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel)`
Default value	`Linear - Area vs. spool travel`
Program usage name	`orifice_parameterization_identical`
Evaluatable	No

# Orifice parameterization — the method of calculating the area of channels
Linear - Area vs. spool travel | Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel | Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel)

Details

A method for calculating the cross-sectional area of channels during modeling.

With tabular parameterization, it is possible to set a non-linear profile of the flow characteristics of the channels in the form of a dependence of the flow area on the position of the spool or the dependence of the volume flow on the pressure drop.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Different for each flow path.

Values	`Linear - Area vs. spool travel` \| `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel` \| `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel)`
Default value	`Linear - Area vs. spool travel`
Program usage name	`orifice_parameterization_different`
Evaluatable	No

# Inter-position spool travel fraction for which orifices remain fully open — the fraction of the stroke of the spool between the positions where the channel remains fully open

Details

The fraction of the distance between adjacent positions of the spool, where each channel has a maximum cross-sectional area.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Identical for all flow paths.

Default value	`0.5`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_fully_open_fraction`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Inter-position spool travel fraction for which orifices transition between open-closed — the fraction of the stroke of the spool between the positions where the channel passes from the open to the closed state

Details

The fraction of the distance between adjacent positions of the spool, where the value of the cross-sectional area goes from the maximum value to the leakage area.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Identical for all flow paths.

Default value	`0.1`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_transition_fraction`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Maximum orifice area — maximum cross-sectional area of the channel
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The maximum cross-sectional area of the channel.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Identical for all flow paths, and for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Linear - Area vs. spool travel.

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Leakage area fraction — relative leakage area

Details

Leakage area as a fraction of the parameter value Maximum orifice area.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Linear - Area vs. spool travel.

Default value	`1e-6`
Program usage name	`leakage_area_fraction`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area at ports — cross-sectional area for all ports
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The cross-sectional area of the channels for all ports.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Linear - Area vs. spool travel or set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Different for each flow path, and for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`Inf m^2`
Program usage name	`port_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Discharge coefficient — expense ratio

Details

The correction factor is the ratio of the actual mass flow to the theoretical mass flow through the distributor.

Dependencies

Default value	`0.64`
Program usage name	`C_d`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Critical Reynolds number — upper limit of the Reynolds number for laminar flow

Details

The upper limit of the Reynolds number for laminar flow through a channel.

Dependencies

Default value	`150.0`
Program usage name	`Re_critical`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Smoothing factor — numerical smoothing coefficient

Details

The continuous smoothing coefficient, which ensures smooth opening by correcting the channel characteristics in the almost open and almost closed positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Linear - Area vs. spool travel.

Default value	`0.01`
Program usage name	`smoothing_factor`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure recovery — should the pressure increase be taken into account when expanding the area

Details

Should the pressure increase be taken into account when liquid flows from an area with a smaller cross-sectional area to an area with a larger cross-sectional area.

Dependencies

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`pressure_recovery`
Evaluatable	No

# Pressure drop vector — vector of pressure drop values
Pa | uPa | hPa | kPa | MPa | GPa | kgf/m^2 | kgf/cm^2 | kgf/mm^2 | mbar | bar | kbar | atm | ksi | psi | mmHg | inHg

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension corresponds to the dimension of the vector Fully open volumetric flow rate vector.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Identical for all flow paths, and for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel).

Units	`Pa` \| `uPa` \| `hPa` \| `kPa` \| `MPa` \| `GPa` \| `kgf/m^2` \| `kgf/cm^2` \| `kgf/mm^2` \| `mbar` \| `bar` \| `kbar` \| `atm` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `mmHg` \| `inHg`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Fully open volumetric flow rate vector — vector of volume flow values
m^3/s | mm^3/s | cm^3/s | m^3/hr | m^3/min | l/hr | l/min | l/s | gal/hr | gal/min | gal/s | ft^3/hr | ft^3/min | ft^3/s

Details

Volumetric flow rate for a fully open channel at a given pressure drop. The size of the vector corresponds to the size of the vector Pressure drop vector.

Dependencies

Units	`m^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `cm^3/s` \| `m^3/hr` \| `m^3/min` \| `l/hr` \| `l/min` \| `l/s` \| `gal/hr` \| `gal/min` \| `gal/s` \| `ft^3/hr` \| `ft^3/min` \| `ft^3/s`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_max_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Leakage flow rate fraction — relative volumetric leakage rate

Details

Leakage area as a fraction of the parameter values Fully open volumetric flow rate vector.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel).

Default value	`1e-6`
Program usage name	`Vdot_leakage_fraction`
Evaluatable	Yes

Orifice 1

# Ports connected by orifice 1 — ports connected by channel 1

Details

Two fluid ports connected by channel 1. The first element is the distributor port connected to port A of channel 1. The second element is the distributor port connected to port B of channel 1. On the icon of the block for ports connected to the same channel, the arrow points to the port, which is the second element of this parameter. The default values for other channels are as follows:

Channel 2: [4, 5]
Channel 3: [2, 1]
Channel 4: [3, 4]
Channel 5 - Channel 20: [1, 2]

Default value	`[3, 2]`
Program usage name	`orifice1_port_indices`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Spool position indices where orifice 1 is open — spool positions where channel 1 is open

Details

The positions of the spool in which channel 1 is open. This vector must be strictly monotonically increasing and have values between 1 and the parameter value. Number of spool positions. The default values for other channels are as follows:

Channel 2: [1, 4]
Channel 3: [3, 4]
Channel 4: [3, 4]
Channel 5 - Channel 20: [1]

If the parameter Spool position indices where orifice 1 is open It contains consecutive integers, which means that the channel is open in several adjacent positions of the spool. The behavior of the block in this case depends on the value of the parameter. Orifice parameterization:

If for the parameter Orifice parameterization the value is set Linear – Area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel), then the block stores the value of the parameter Maximum orifice area or Fully open volumetric flow rate vector in several adjacent discrete positions of the spool, where the channel is open.
If for the parameter Orifice parameterization the value is set Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel, then the parameter element Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1, equal to 0, the smallest of the adjacent positions.

Default value	`[1, 4]`
Program usage name	`orifice1_open_spool_positions`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Spool travel for which orifice 1 remains fully open — free stroke of the spool when the channel is fully open
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

The total displacement in both directions from the discrete position of the spool, at which the value of the cross-sectional area remains the maximum. The center of this segment corresponds to the discrete position of the spool.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Different for each flow path, and for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Linear - Area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. pressure drop (linear with spool travel).

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`1.0 mm`
Program usage name	`orifice1_fully_open_spool_travel`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Spool travel for which orifice 1 transitions between open-closed — the stroke of the spool between the open and closed channel states
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

The stroke of the spool between the open and closed channel states.

Dependencies

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`0.2 mm`
Program usage name	`orifice1_transition_spool_travel`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Maximum area of orifice 1 — maximum cross-sectional area of the channel
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The maximum cross-sectional area of the channel.

Dependencies

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`orifice1_max_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1 — the vector of values of the spool position
m | um | mm | cm | km | in | ft | yd | mi | nmi

Details

The vector of values of the spool position. The size of the vector corresponds to the size Area vector for orifice 1. The vector must contain an element equal to 0 and be strictly monotonously increasing. An element with a value 0 indicates when the spool is in the appropriate position. If the parameter Spool position indices where orifice 1 is open contains several adjacent intermediate positions of the spool, then the element is equal to 0 corresponds to the smallest item number.

The vector can contain negative and positive elements. If the parameter contains only negative elements or only positive elements, then the channel characteristic will be symmetrical with respect to the discrete position of the spool.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Area characteristics meaning Different for each flow path, and for the parameter Orifice parameterization meaning Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Units	`m` \| `um` \| `mm` \| `cm` \| `km` \| `in` \| `ft` \| `yd` \| `mi` \| `nmi`
Default value	`[-0.7, -0.4, -0.35, -0.3, -0.25, 0.0] mm`
Program usage name	`orifice1_spool_travel_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Area vector for orifice 1 — vector of values of the area of the passage section of the channel
m^2 | um^2 | mm^2 | cm^2 | km^2 | in^2 | ft^2 | yd^2 | mi^2 | ha | ac

Details

The vector of values of the area of the passage section of the channel. The vector of values of the area of the passage section of the channel corresponds to the vector Vector of spool travel relative to discrete spool position for orifice 1. If the channel is open at the first or last position of the spool, the channel remains fully open with the maximum cross-sectional area when the spool extends beyond the first or last position of the spool.

Dependencies

Units	`m^2` \| `um^2` \| `mm^2` \| `cm^2` \| `km^2` \| `in^2` \| `ft^2` \| `yd^2` \| `mi^2` \| `ha` \| `ac`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 8e-05, 0.0001, 0.0001] m^2`
Program usage name	`orifice1_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure drop vector of orifice 1 — vector of pressure drop values
Pa | uPa | hPa | kPa | MPa | GPa | kgf/m^2 | kgf/cm^2 | kgf/mm^2 | mbar | bar | kbar | atm | ksi | psi | mmHg | inHg

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The pressure drop vector corresponds to the vector Fully open volumetric flow rate vector of orifice 1.

Dependencies

Units	`Pa` \| `uPa` \| `hPa` \| `kPa` \| `MPa` \| `GPa` \| `kgf/m^2` \| `kgf/cm^2` \| `kgf/mm^2` \| `mbar` \| `bar` \| `kbar` \| `atm` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `mmHg` \| `inHg`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`orifice1_delta_p_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Fully open volumetric flow rate vector of orifice 1 — vector of volume flow values
m^3/s | mm^3/s | cm^3/s | m^3/hr | m^3/min | l/hr | l/min | l/s | gal/hr | gal/min | gal/s | ft^3/hr | ft^3/min | ft^3/s

Details

Volumetric flow rate for a fully open channel at a given pressure drop. The vector of volume flow values corresponds to the vector Pressure drop vector of orifice 1.

Dependencies

Units	`m^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `cm^3/s` \| `m^3/hr` \| `m^3/min` \| `l/hr` \| `l/min` \| `l/s` \| `gal/hr` \| `gal/min` \| `gal/s` \| `ft^3/hr` \| `ft^3/min` \| `ft^3/s`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`orifice1_Vdot_max_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes