4-Way 3-Position Directional Valve (IL)

A four-line three-position distributor in an isothermal liquid network.

4 way 3 position directional valve il

Description

The 4-Way 3-Position Directional Valve (IL) unit is a spool valve with four connecting lines, typically located between the hydraulic cylinder, pump, and reservoir in an isothermal liquid network. The operation of the distributor is controlled by a single spool valve, which moves according to a signal on the S port. The spreader has three positions, hereinafter referred to as neutral, positive and negative. The basic configuration of the spreader can be set by specifying the channels that are open when the spool is in neutral position (0 m centre) in parameter Neutral spool position open connections and that are open when the spool moves in positive and negative directions in parameters Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections respectively.

It is possible to set the flow characteristic of the distributor channels in the Orifice parameterization parameter in the form of a linear dependence or a tabular function provided by the user, which can be applied to one or all channels of the distributor.

An example of distributor configuration is shown in the figure.

4 way 3 position directional valve il 1 en

In the configuration shown below, the Neutral spool position open connections parameter is set to All closed. When the spool is in neutral position, all openings are closed to flow.

4 way 3 position directional valve il 2

In the configuration below, Negative spool position open connections is set to `P-A and B-T'. When the signal at port S moves the spool to the negative position (left of the neutral position), the channels between ports P and A and between ports B and T are open. The channels between ports P and B and ports A and T are closed.

4 way 3 position directional valve il 3

In the configuration below, Positive spool position open connections is set to `P-B and A-T'. When the signal at port S moves the spool to the positive position (to the right of the neutral position), the channels between ports P and B and between ports A and T are open, and the channels between ports P and A and between ports B and T are closed.

4 way 3 position directional valve il 4

Schematically this configuration looks as follows: the left side corresponds to the positive position, and the right side - to the negative.

4 way 3 position directional valve il 5

Spool valve movement and distributor configuration

Spool travel is the amount of spool movement between a fully open and fully closed channel. The Orifice parameterization and Area characteristics parameters can be used to set the channel characteristics as shown in the table.

Orifice parameterization Identical for All Flow Paths Different for Each Flow Path.

Orifice parameterization	`Identical for All Flow Paths`	`Different for Each Flow Path`.
`Linear - Area vs. spool travelling`.	Spool travel is equal to the value of the parameter Spool travel between closed and open orifice.	Spool travel equals Spool travel between closed and open orifice for each flow path
`Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel`	Spool travel is equal to the difference between the first and the last element of the Spool travel vector parameter.	Spool travel equals the difference between the first and last element of the Spool travel vector for each channel.
`Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop`	Spool travel is equal to the difference between the first and the last element of the Spool travel vector, ds.	Spool travel equals the difference between the first and the last element of Spool travel vector, ds for each channel.

Linear - Area vs. spool travelling.

Spool travel is equal to the value of the parameter Spool travel between closed and open orifice.

Spool travel equals Spool travel between closed and open orifice for each flow path

Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel

Spool travel is equal to the difference between the first and the last element of the Spool travel vector parameter.

Spool travel equals the difference between the first and last element of the Spool travel vector for each channel.

Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop

Spool travel is equal to the difference between the first and the last element of the Spool travel vector, ds.

Spool travel equals the difference between the first and the last element of Spool travel vector, ds for each channel.

The table below shows how to determine the relative position of the spool for a channel depending on the position.

Spool valve position with open channel	Relative spool valve position
Channel always closed (channel not selected in any position)	Not used
Channel always open (channel selected in positive, neutral and negative position)	Not used
Negative position	+ spool stroke − S
Negative and neutral position	+ spool stroke − S
Positive position	+ spool stroke + S
Positive and neutral position	+ spool stroke + S
Neutral position	+ spool stroke − \| S\|
Positive and negative position	- + spool stroke + \| S\|

Spool valve position with open channel

Relative spool valve position

Channel always closed (channel not selected in any position)

Not used

Channel always open (channel selected in positive, neutral and negative position)

Not used

Negative position

+ spool stroke − S

Negative and neutral position

+ spool stroke − S

Positive position

+ spool stroke + S

Positive and neutral position

+ spool stroke + S

Neutral position

+ spool stroke − | S|

Positive and negative position

- + spool stroke + | S|

Where is the position of the spool at the maximum cross-sectional area specified for each channel. The cross-sectional area is equal to the leakage area when is negative and is equal to the maximum when the channel is fully open. When the channel is fully open, the relative position equates to the spool stroke, so if the value exceeds the spool stroke, it does not further increase the channel cross-sectional area.

In the parameter Consistency check for neutral spool position open connections you can select whether to generate an error if the conditions are not met:

All channels specified in Neutral spool position open connections are open when the signal at S is 0.
All channels not specified in Neutral spool position open connections are closed when the signal at S is 0.

The table below shows the possible configurations of the 4-Way 3-Position Directional Valve (IL) unit.

Configuration	Parameter values
All four channels are closed in the neutral position (by default).	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
All four channels are open in neutral position.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'. Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A ход золотника Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > − P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke
Channels A-T and B-T are closed. Channels P-A and P-B have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A only Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed Negative spool position open connections: `P-B only Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke
Channels A-T and B-T are open. Channels P-A and P-B have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T and B-T Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < –P-B ход золотника Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > − A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke
Channels P-A and A-T are open in neutral position. Channels P-B and B-T have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A and A-T Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < P-A ход золотника Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < −B-T spool stroke
Channel A-T is open in neutral position. The P-B, A-T and B-T channels have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T only Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
The B-T channel is open in neutral position. Channels P-A, P-B and A-T have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `B-T only Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke
Channels P-A and P-B are open. Channels A-T and B-T have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < P-A ход золотника Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > − P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
Channel P-A is open in neutral position. The channels P-B, A-T and B-T have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A only Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
Channel P-B is open in neutral position. The channels P-A, A-T and B-T have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-B only Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke
Channels P-B and B-T are open in neutral position. Channels P-A and A-T have positive overlap.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-B and B-T Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < −P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < P-B ход золотника Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > −B-T spool stroke
Channels P-A, P-B, A-T and B-T are closed in neutral position. Channel P-T is open in the neutral position and closes when the spool is moved.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-T only Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area = any value
Channel P-A is permanently open. Channels P-B, A-T and B-T are open in neutral position.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'. Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < P-B ход золотника Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area = любое значение Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > − B-T spool stroke
Channel P-B is permanently open. Channels P-A, A-T and B-T are open in neutral position.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'. Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > −P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area = any value
Channel P-A is closed in neutral position. There is no channel between ports A and T.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T \|Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area\| > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area* > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < −B-T spool stroke
The P-B channel is closed in the neutral position. There is no channel between ports B and T.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < −P-A spool stroke \|Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area\| > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke
Channel P-A is closed in neutral position. Channel A-T is open in neutral position.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T and B-T Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T \|Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area\| > P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area* > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area = any value Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > −B-T spool stroke
Channel P-B is closed in neutral position. Channel B-T is open in neutral position.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T and B-T Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* < −P-A spool stroke \|Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area\| > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < A-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area = any value
Channel P-B is closed in neutral position. The P-T channel is open in the neutral position. There is no channel between ports A and T.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-T only Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area* > P-A spool stroke \|Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area\| > P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < −B-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area = any value
Channel P-A is closed in neutral position. The P-T channel is open in the neutral position. There is no channel between ports A and T.	Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T Neutral spool position open connections: `P-T only Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T \|Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area*
	> P-A spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area = any value

Configuration

Parameter values

All four channels are closed in the neutral position (by default).

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

All four channels are open in neutral position.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A ход золотника

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > − P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke

Channels A-T and B-T are closed. Channels P-A and P-B have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A only

*Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B only

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Channels A-T and B-T are open. Channels P-A and P-B have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T and B-T

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < –P-B ход золотника

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > − A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke

Channels P-A and A-T are open in neutral position. Channels P-B and B-T have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A and A-T

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A ход золотника

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < −B-T spool stroke

Channel A-T is open in neutral position. The P-B, A-T and B-T channels have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

The B-T channel is open in neutral position. Channels P-A, P-B and A-T have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `B-T only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < B-T spool stroke

Channels P-A and P-B are open. Channels A-T and B-T have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A ход золотника

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > − P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

Channel P-A is open in neutral position. The channels P-B, A-T and B-T have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

Channel P-B is open in neutral position. The channels P-A, A-T and B-T have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-B only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

Channels P-B and B-T are open in neutral position. Channels P-A and A-T have positive overlap.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-B and B-T

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < −P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < P-B ход золотника

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > −B-T spool stroke

Channels P-A, P-B, A-T and B-T are closed in neutral position. Channel P-T is open in the neutral position and closes when the spool is moved.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-T only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < −A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area = any value

Channel P-A is permanently open. Channels P-B, A-T and B-T are open in neutral position.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < P-B ход золотника

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area = любое значение

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > − B-T spool stroke

Channel P-B is permanently open. Channels P-A, A-T and B-T are open in neutral position.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > −P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area = any value

Channel P-A is closed in neutral position. There is no channel between ports A and T.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

|Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area| > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < −B-T spool stroke

The P-B channel is closed in the neutral position. There is no channel between ports B and T.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `All closed

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < −P-A spool stroke

|Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area| > P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area > A-T spool stroke

Channel P-A is closed in neutral position. Channel A-T is open in neutral position.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T and B-T

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

|Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area| > P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area > P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area = any value

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > −B-T spool stroke

Channel P-B is closed in neutral position. Channel B-T is open in neutral position.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `A-T and B-T

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area < −P-A spool stroke

|Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area| > P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area < A-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area = any value

Channel P-B is closed in neutral position. The P-T channel is open in the neutral position. There is no channel between ports A and T.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-T only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-B and A-T

Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area > P-A spool stroke

|Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area| > P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area < −B-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area = any value

Channel P-A is closed in neutral position. The P-T channel is open in the neutral position. There is no channel between ports A and T.

Static

Positive spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

*Neutral spool position open connections: `P-T only

Negative spool position open connections: `P-A and B-T

|Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area

> P-A spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area < −P-B spool stroke

Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area > B-T spool stroke

Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area = any value

Parametrization of the distributor channels

The Orifice parameterization parameter specifies the method of calculating the through section area. Calculation is performed either by channel parameters or by tabular data sets, which are set in the parameters of the Model parameterization section. The block uses the same data for all channels if the Area characteristics parameter is set to `Identical for all flow paths', and if `Different for all flow paths' is set, then individual values are set for each channel.

Parameterization of distributor channels Orifice parameterization can be linear and tabular.

Linear parameterisation

If Linear - Area vs. spool travel is selected for the Orifice parameterization, the flow area of the channel depends linearly on the spool travel and the value supplied to the port S:

where

- is the maximum cross-sectional area of the channel (Maximum orifice area);
- leakage area (parameter Leakage area);
- spool travel between closed and open states of the channel (parameter Spool travel between closed and open orifice);
- spool relative position, from 0 to .

is equal to , when the value of is negative, and is equal to , when the channel is fully open. When the channel is fully open, the relative position is equal to the spool travel, so the value , which exceeds the spool travel, does not increase the flow area.

Note the linear increase from to in the figure:

Static

When the channel is in the nearly open or nearly closed position in the linear parameterization, the numerical stability of the simulation can be maintained by adjusting the smoothing factor - the value of the Smoothing factor parameter. If the Smoothing factor is not zero, a smooth variation of the cross-sectional area between and is ensured.

Table parameterisation

If Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel is selected for the Orifice parameterization, the vectors of the relationship between the bore area and the relative position of the spool must be defined. Interpolation is used to determine the orifice area between the defined data points. and are the first and last elements of the Opening area vector respectively.

Static

If Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop is selected for the Orifice parameterization, the vectors for the relative spool position and pressure drop must be set. The volumetric flow rate is calculated from the relationship between pressure drop and relative spool position. Interpolation is used to determine the flow rate between given data points. The mass flow rate is the product of the volumetric flow rate and density.

Static

Ports

Conserving

# P — isothermal liquid port
isothermal liquid

Details

Working fluid supply.

Program usage name

port_p

# T — isothermal liquid port
isothermal liquid

Details

Working fluid outlet.

Program usage name

port_t

# A — isothermal liquid port
isothermal liquid

Details

Working line.

Program usage name

port_a

# B — isothermal liquid port
isothermal liquid

Details

Working line.

Program usage name

port_b

Input

# S — distributor spool position
scalar

Details

Position of the distributor spool valve in m. Channels set open in the positive position of the spool valve are opened at positive travel. Channels set open in the negative position of the spool valve open at negative travel.

Data types	`Float64`.
Complex numbers support	No

Parameters

Valve Configuration

Details

Channels open in positive position. This parameters sets the distributor configuration and determines the relative position of the spool valve according to the signal received at port S.

The settings of this parameter can be checked for consistency with the set parameters if the Consistency check for neutral spool position open connections parameter is set to Error.

Values	`P-A and B-T` \| `P-A and P-B` \| `P-B and A-T` \| `A-T only` \| `B-T only` \| `P-A only` \| `P-B only` \| `P-A, P-B, and A-B`
Default value	`P-A and B-T`
Program usage name	`positive_position_open_orifices`
Evaluatable	No

Details

Channels open in neutral position. This parameters sets the distributor configuration and determines the relative position of the spool valve according to the signal received at port S.

The settings of this parameter can be checked for consistency with the parameters set, if the Consistency check for neutral spool position open connections parameter is set to Error.

Values	`All closed` \| `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T` \| `A-T and B-T` \| `P-A and A-T` \| `P-A and B-T` \| `P-A and P-B` \| `P-B and A-T` \| `P-B and B-T` \| `A-T only` \| `B-T only` \| `P-A only` \| `P-B only` \| `P-T only` \| `P-A, A-T, and P-T` \| `P-A, P-B, and A-B` \| `P-B, B-T, and P-T` \| `P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T`
Default value	`All closed`
Program usage name	`neutral_position_open_orifices`
Evaluatable	No

Details

Channels open in negative position. This parameters sets the distributor configuration and determines the relative position of the spool valve according to the signal received at port S.

The settings of this parameter can be checked for consistency with the parameters set, if the Consistency check for neutral spool position open connections parameter is set to Error.

Values	`P-A and B-T` \| `P-A and P-B` \| `P-B and A-T` \| `A-T only` \| `B-T only` \| `P-A only` \| `P-B only` \| `P-A, P-B, and A-B`
Default value	`P-B and A-T`
Program usage name	`negative_position_open_orifices`
Evaluatable	No

# Consistency check for neutral spool position open connections — checking the channels configuration compliance with the set spool position at the maximum channel cross-sectional area
None | Error

Details

The parameter value determines the necessity to check whether the configuration of the channels opened in the neutral position corresponds to the set spool positions at maximum channel cross-sectional area. For each enabled channel the relative position of the spool in the neutral position must correspond to the set configuration.

Values	`None` \| `Error`
Default value	`None`
Program usage name	`neutral_assert_action`
Evaluatable	No

Model Parameterization

# Area characteristics — channel characterisation method
Identical for all flow paths | Different for each flow path

Details

Sets identical or individual flow characteristics for the channel cross-section:

Identical for all flow paths - identical characteristics for all flow paths of the distributor.
Different for each flow path - individual characteristics are set for each channel.

In both cases ports A, B, P and T have identical cross-sectional areas, flow coefficients and Reynolds numbers if the Orifice parameterization parameters are set to Linear - Area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Values	`Identical for all flow paths` \| `Different for each flow path`
Default value	`Identical for all flow paths`
Program usage name	`area_characteristics`
Evaluatable	No

# Orifice parameterization — channel area calculation method
Linear - Area vs. spool travel | Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel | Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop

Details

A method for calculating the area of a channel cross-sectional area in modelling.

At tabular parameterization it is possible to specify a non-linear profile of the flow characteristic of the channels in the form of dependence of the flow area on the spool position or dependence of the volume flow rate on the pressure drop and spool position.

Values	`Linear - Area vs. spool travel` \| `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel` \| `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop`
Default value	`Linear - Area vs. spool travel`
Program usage name	`orifice_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool stroke between closed and open channel states.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Area characteristics parameter to `Identical for all flow paths' and the Orifice parameterization parameter to `Linear - Area vs. spool travel'.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Maximum orifice area — maximum cross-sectional area of the channel
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Maximum cross-sectional area of the channel.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Area characteristics parameter to `Identical for all flow paths' and the Orifice parameterization parameter to `Linear - Area vs. spool travel'.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Spool travel vector — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of values of the spool relative position. The dimensionality of the vector corresponds to the Orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be equal to 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Area characteristics parameter to `Identical for all flow paths' and the Orifice parameterization parameter to `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for tabular parameterization. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the Spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order. The first element is the leakage area, the last element is the maximum channel cross-sectional area. Linear interpolation is used between data points.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Area characteristics parameter to `Identical for all flow paths' and the Orifice parameterization parameter to `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool position values for the table parameterization of the volumetric flow rate table. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector Pressure drop vector, dp and the volumetric flow rate table Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Area characteristics parameter to `Identical for all flow paths' and the Orifice parameterization parameter to `Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop'.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volumetric flow rate. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the spool position vector Spool travel vector, ds and the volumetric flow rate table Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector Spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector Pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Constant orifice area — cross-sectional area for permanently open channels
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area of channels set open in all positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections, Negative spool position open connections - at least one channel is specified in three positions.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`area_fixed`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Constant orifice pressure drop vector — vector of differential pressure values for permanently open channels
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for channels set open in all positions. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the Constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections, Negative spool position open connections — at least one channel is set in three positions.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_fixed`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector — vector of volume flow rates for permanently open channels
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Vector of volume flow values for channels set open in all positions. The dimension of the pressure drop vector corresponds to the Constant orifice pressure drop vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Identical for all flow paths.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections, Negative spool position open connections — at least one channel is set in three positions.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_vector_fixed`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Leakage area — leakage area through the channel in fully closed position
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The sum of all clearances when the channel is completely closed. Any area less than this value equates to the specified leakage area. This parameter contributes to the stability of the numerical solution by maintaining flow continuity.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Orifice parameterization parameters to `Linear - area vs. spool travel'.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-10 m^2`
Program usage name	`leakage_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Cross-sectional area at ports P, T, A and B — area at the inlet or outlet of the distributor
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area at ports A, B, P, and T. This area is used in calculating the mass flow rate through the distributor.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Area characteristics parameter to `Identical for all flow paths' and the Orifice parameterization parameter to `Linear - area vs. spool travel' or `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`Inf m^2`
Program usage name	`port_area`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Discharge coefficient — flow coefficient

Details

The correction factor is the ratio of the actual mass flow rate to the theoretical mass flow rate through the distributor.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Orifice parameterization parameters to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.

Default value	`0.64`
Program usage name	`C_d`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Critical Reynolds number — upper limit of Reynolds number for laminar flow

Details

Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow through a channel.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Orifice parameterization parameters to `Linear - area vs. spool travel' or `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.

Default value	`150.0`
Program usage name	`Re_critical`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Smoothing factor — numerical smoothing factor

Details

A continuous smoothing factor that ensures smooth opening by correcting the channel characteristic in the nearly open and nearly closed positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Orifice parameterization parameters to Linear - area vs. spool travel.

Default value	`0.01`
Program usage name	`smoothing_factor`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Pressure recovery — whether to take into account the increase in pressure when expanding the area

Details

Whether to take into account the pressure increase when the fluid flows from a region with a smaller cross-sectional area to a region with a larger cross-sectional area.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Orifice parameterization parameters to `Linear - area vs. spool travel' or `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`pressure_recovery`
Evaluatable	No

P-A Orifice

# Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area — spool position at maximum channel area between ports P and A
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool position corresponding to a fully open channel between ports P and A.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Positive spool position open connections to one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only if the P-A channel is not simultaneously set in parameters: Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.0075 m`
Program usage name	`spool_offset_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke between ports P and A
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Maximum spool stroke between ports P and A.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A maximum orifice area — maximum area between ports P and A
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The channel cross-sectional area between ports P and A in the fully open position.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A orifice spool travel vector — vector of spool relative positions
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions. The dimensionality of the vector corresponds to the P-A orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the P-A orifice spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector P-A orifice pressure drop vector,dp and the volumetric flow rate table P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The differential pressure vector corresponds to the position vector of the spool valve. P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds and volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,ds). P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A constant orifice area — cross-sectional area for a permanently open channel
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Cross-sectional area of a channel defined as open in all positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`area_fixed_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A constant orifice pressure drop vector — vector of differential pressure values of a permanently open channel
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for a channel defined open in all positions. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the P-A constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_fixed_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-A constant volumetric flow rate vector — vector of values of volume flow rate of a permanently open channel
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Vector of volume flow values for a channel defined open in all positions. The dimension of the pressure drop vector corresponds to the P-A constant orifice pressure drop vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-A only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-A only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the P-A channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_vector_fixed_pa`
Evaluatable	Yes

P-B Orifice

# Spool position at maximum P-B orifice area — spool position at maximum channel area between ports P and B
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool position corresponding to a fully open channel between ports P and B.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Positive spool position open connections to one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only if the P-B channel is not simultaneously set in parameters: Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`-0.0075 m`
Program usage name	`spool_offset_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke between ports P and B
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Maximum spool stroke between ports P and B.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B maximum orifice area — maximum area between ports P and B
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area between ports P and B in the fully open position.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B orifice spool travel vector — vector of spool relative positions
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions. The dimensionality of the vector corresponds to the P-B orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- `P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the P-B orifice spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector P-B orifice pressure drop vector,dp and the volumetric flow rate table P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The differential pressure vector corresponds to the position vector of the spool valve. P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds and volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,ds). P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector P-B orifice spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector P-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B constant orifice area — cross-sectional area of the permanently open channel
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Cross-sectional area of a channel defined as open in all positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`area_fixed_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector — vector of differential pressure values for a permanently open channel
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for a channel set open in all positions. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the P-B constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_fixed_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-B constant volumetric flow rate vector — vector of values of volume flow rate of a permanently open channel
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Vector of volume flow values for a channel defined open in all positions. The dimension of the pressure drop vector corresponds to the P-B constant orifice pressure drop vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- "P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-B and B-T
- `P-A and P-B
- P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-B and A-T
- `P-A and P-B
- `P-B only
- P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the P-B channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_vector_fixed_pb`
Evaluatable	Yes

A-B Orifice

# Spool position at maximum A-B orifice area — spool position at maximum channel area between ports A and B
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool position corresponding to a fully open channel between ports A and B.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Positive spool position open connections to P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Neutral spool position open connections to P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only if channel A-B is not simultaneously set in parameters: Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.0075 m`
Program usage name	`spool_offset_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke between ports A and B
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Maximum spool stroke between ports A and B.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Linear - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B maximum orifice area — maximum area between ports A and B
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area of the channel between ports A and B in the fully open position.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Linear - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B orifice spool travel vector — vector of spool relative positions
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions. The dimensionality of the vector corresponds to the A-B orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be equal to 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the A-B orifice spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B orifice spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector A-B orifice pressure drop vector,dp and the volumetric flow rate table A-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value `P-A, P-B, and A-B'.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The differential pressure vector corresponds to the position vector of the spool valve. A-B orifice spool travel vector, ds and volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,q). A-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value `P-A, P-B, and A-B'.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector A-B orifice spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector A-B orifice pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value `P-A, P-B, and A-B'.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B constant orifice area — cross-sectional area of the permanently open channel
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Cross-sectional area of a channel defined as open in all positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the A-B channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`area_fixed_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B constant orifice pressure drop vector — vector of differential pressure values for a permanently open channel
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for a channel set open in all positions. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the A-B constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value `P-A, P-B, and A-B'.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the A-B channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_fixed_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-B constant volumetric flow rate vector — vector of values of volume flow rate of a permanently open channel
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Vector of volume flow values for a channel defined open in all positions. The dimension of the pressure drop vector corresponds to the A-B constant orifice pressure drop vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value `P-A, P-B, and A-B'.
Neutral spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B.
Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B Negative spool position open connections value P-A, P-B, and A-B

This parameter is enabled only when the A-B channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_vector_fixed_ab`
Evaluatable	Yes

A-T Orifice

# Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area — spool position at maximum channel area between ports A and T
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool position corresponding to a fully open channel between ports A and T.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Positive spool position open connections to P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

This parameter is enabled only if the A-T channel is not simultaneously set in parameters: Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`-0.0075 m`
Program usage name	`spool_offset_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke between ports A and T
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Maximum spool stroke between ports A and T.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T maximum orifice area — maximum area between ports A and T
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area between ports A and T in the fully open position.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T orifice spool travel vector — vector of spool relative positions
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions. The dimensionality of the vector corresponds to the A-T orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the A-T orifice spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector A-T orifice pressure drop vector,dp and the volumetric flow rate table A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The differential pressure vector corresponds to the position vector of the spool valve. A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds and the volumetric flow rate table A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T constant orifice area — cross-sectional area of the permanently open channel
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Cross-sectional area of a channel defined as open in all positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`area_fixed_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T constant orifice pressure drop vector — vector of differential pressure values for a permanently open channel
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for a channel set open in all positions. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the A-T constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_fixed_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

# A-T constant volumetric flow rate vector — vector of values of volume flow rate of a permanently open channel
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Vector of volume flow values for a channel defined open in all positions. The dimension of the pressure drop vector corresponds to the A-T constant orifice pressure drop vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and A-T
- `P-B and A-T
- A-T only
- P-A, A-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-B and A-T or A-T only

This parameter is enabled only when the A-T channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_vector_fixed_at`
Evaluatable	Yes

B-T Orifice

# Spool position at maximum B-T orifice area — spool position at maximum channel area between ports B and T
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool position corresponding to a fully open channel between ports B and T.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Positive spool position open connections to P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

This parameter is enabled only if the B-T channel is not simultaneously set in parameters: Positive spool position open connections, Neutral spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections.

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.0075 m`
Program usage name	`spool_offset_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke between ports B and T
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Maximum spool stroke between ports B and T.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T maximum orifice area — maximum area between ports B and T
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The cross-sectional area between ports B and T in the fully open position.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T orifice spool travel vector — vector of spool relative positions
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the B-T orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the B-T orifice spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value `Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel'.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector B-T orifice pressure drop vector,dp and the volumetric flow rate table B-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The differential pressure vector corresponds to the spool position vector B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds and the volumetric flow rate table B-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector B-T orifice spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector B-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T constant orifice area — cross-sectional area of the permanently open channel
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Cross-sectional area of a channel defined as open in all positions.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization to Linear - area vs. spool travel or Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`area_fixed_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T constant orifice pressure drop vector — vector of differential pressure values for a permanently open channel
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for a channel set open in all positions. The dimension of the differential pressure vector corresponds to the B-T constant orifice volumetric flow rate vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_fixed_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# B-T constant volumetric flow rate vector — vector of values of volume flow rate of a permanently open channel
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Vector of volume flow values for a channel defined open in all positions. The dimension of the pressure drop vector corresponds to the B-T constant orifice pressure drop vector. The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Positive spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-A, P-B, A-T, and B-T'.
- `A-T and B-T
- `P-A and B-T
- `P-B and B-T
- B-T only
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T
Negative spool position open connections value P-A and B-T or B-T only

This parameter is enabled only when the B-T channel is set in three positions simultaneously.

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-9e-4, 1.6e-3, 2.0e-3, 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_vector_fixed_bt`
Evaluatable	Yes

P-T Orifice

# Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area — spool position at maximum channel area between ports P and T
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Spool position corresponding to a fully open channel between ports P and T.

Dependencies

Area characteristics value Different for each flow path.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-T only
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T.
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.0 m`
Program usage name	`spool_offset_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — maximum spool stroke between ports P and T
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Maximum spool stroke between ports P and T.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- P-T only.
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`0.005 m`
Program usage name	`max_spool_travel_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T maximum orifice area — maximum area between ports P and T
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

The channel cross-sectional area between ports P and T in the fully open position.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Linear - Area vs. spool travel.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- P-T only.
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`1e-4 m^2`
Program usage name	`max_area_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T orifice spool travel vector — vector of spool relative positions
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions. The dimensionality of the vector corresponds to the P-T orifice area vector. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used between the data points in the table.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics value Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- P-T only.
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T orifice area vector — vector of values of the channel cross-sectional area
m^2 | cm^2 | ft^2 | in^2 | km^2 | mi^2 | mm^2 | um^2 | yd^2

Details

Vector of channel cross-sectional area values for the tabular parameterization of the valve area. The dimension of the vector corresponds to the P-T orifice spool travel vector. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for parameters:

Area characteristics to Different for each flow path.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- P-T only.
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m^2` \| `cm^2` \| `ft^2` \| `in^2` \| `km^2` \| `mi^2` \| `mm^2` \| `um^2` \| `yd^2`
Default value	`[1e-10, 1e-5, 4e-5, 6e-5, 1e-4] m^2`
Program usage name	`valve_area_vector_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — vector of values of the spool relative position
m | cm | ft | in | km | mi | mm | um | yd

Details

Vector of spool positions for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The dimension of the spool position vector corresponds to the differential pressure vector P-T orifice pressure drop vector,dp and the volumetric flow rate table P-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp). The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-T only
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T.
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m` \| `cm` \| `ft` \| `in` \| `km` \| `mi` \| `mm` \| `um` \| `yd`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.25e-3, 2.5e-3, 3.75e-3, 5e-3] m`
Program usage name	`spool_travel_vector_2D_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — vector of differential pressure values
Pa | GPa | MPa | atm | bar | kPa | ksi | psi | uPa | kbar

Details

Vector of differential pressure values for tabular parameterization by volume flow. The differential pressure vector corresponds to the position vector of the spool valve. P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds and the volumetric flow rate table P-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp). The values are listed in ascending order. Linear interpolation is used to calculate intermediate values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-T only
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T.
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`Pa` \| `GPa` \| `MPa` \| `atm` \| `bar` \| `kPa` \| `ksi` \| `psi` \| `uPa` \| `kbar`
Default value	`[-0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7] MPa`
Program usage name	`delta_p_vector_2D_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes

# P-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — table of volumetric flow rates
m^3/s | m^3/h | cm^3/s | mm^3/s | ft^3/s | lpm | l/s | gpm | gal/s | gal/h

Details

Matrix to of volume flow rates corresponding to differential pressure and spool position values. to - dimensions of the corresponding vectors:

- number of elements in the spool position vector P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds.
- number of elements in the pressure drop vector P-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the parameters to:

Area characteristics to `Different for each flow path'.
Orifice parameterization value Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop.
Neutral spool position open connections one of the following values:
- `P-T only
- `P-A, A-T, and P-T'.
- P-B, B-T, and P-T.
- P-A, P-B, A-T, B-T, P-T

Values	`m^3/s` \| `m^3/h` \| `cm^3/s` \| `mm^3/s` \| `ft^3/s` \| `lpm` \| `l/s` \| `gpm` \| `gal/s` \| `gal/h`
Default value	`[-1e-8 2.2e-8 2.8e-8 3.4e-8; -9e-6 1.5e-4 2e-4 2.4e-4; -3.6e-4 6.3e-4 8.1e-4 9.6e-4; -5.4e-4 9.4e-4 1.2e-3 1.4e-3; -9.1e-4 1.6e-3 2.0e-3 2.4e-3] m^3/s`
Program usage name	`Vdot_matrix_2D_pt`
Evaluatable	Yes