Time Delay LCMV Beamformer

The input signal given as a matrix by , where is the number of samples of the signal and is the number of antenna elements of the array.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Reference signal given as a matrix by , where is the number of signal samples and is the number of signals.

Dependencies

To enable this port, select the Enable training data input checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Signal emission directions given as a real matrix 2 by 1 in the form of [AzimuthAngle;ElevationAngle]. The azimuth angle shall lie in the range of -180° to 180° inclusive. The elevation angle shall lie in the range of -90° to 90° inclusive. The angles are specified relative to the local coordinate system of the array.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of beamforming direction parameters to `Input port'.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Output signal returned as a complex vector by 1, where is the number of samples of the signal.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Beamforming weight coefficients returned as a complex vector by 1, where is the number of antenna elements of the array.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Enable weights output checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Signal propagation speed as a real positive scalar. By default, the value of the speed of light is 3e8 m/c.

The unit of measurement is metres per second.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Select this parameter to inherit the sample rate from upstream blocks. Otherwise, specify the sampling frequency using the Sample rate (Hz) parameters.

Data types: Bool.

The sampling frequency of the signal specified as a positive scalar. The unit of measurement is hertz.

Dependencies

To use this parameters, uncheck Inherit sample rate.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

The order of the FIR filter used to process the data of each antenna element is set as a positive integer.

Data types: Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

The LCMV constraint matrix of the beamformer, given as a complex matrix by , where is the number of degrees of freedom of the beamformer and is the number of constraints. For LCMV beamformer with time delay is determined by the product of the number of array elements and the value of the FIR filter length parameters.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

The desired response for a time delay LCMV beamformer, specified as a real vector-column by 1, where is the number of constraints in the Constraint matrix. Each element of the vector defines the desired response of the constraint specified in the corresponding column of the Constraint matrix parameters.

The diagonal loading factor given as a non-negative scalar. Diagonal loading is a technique used to achieve robust beamforming performance, especially when the training sample is small.

Select this check box to specify additional training data through the XT input port. To use the input signal as training data, clear the check box to remove this port.

Source of beamforming direction, set as Property or Input port.

Beamforming directions given as a 2-by-1 real matrix, where each column is [AzimuthAngle;ElevationAngle]. The units of the angle are degrees. The azimuth angle must lie between −180° and 180°. Elevation angle must lie in the range from −90° to 90°. Angles are specified relative to the local coordinate system of the array.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Source of beamforming direction parameter to Property.

Select this checkbox to get beamformer weights from the W output port.

Array specification method, available values:

Type of antenna array element.

Available values:

The operating frequency range of the antenna array element as a 1-by-2 string-vector in the form of [LowerBound,UpperBound]. The element has no response outside this frequency range. Frequency measurement units are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Set this flag to exclude radiation to the rear hemisphere. The response from the rear hemisphere at all azimuth angles outside the ±90° interval from the broadside are set to zero. The broadside direction is defined as an azimuth angle of 0° and a place angle of 0°.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Axis direction along the null radiation.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Cardioid Antenna.

The exponent of the degree of the exponent of cosine model as a non-negative scalar or a 1-by-2 real matrix of non-negative values. If the Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1 by 2 vector, the first element is the exponent of the exponent degree in the azimuth direction and the second element is the exponent of the exponent degree in the angle-of-place direction. When this parameters is scalar, the cosines in the azimuth and elevation directions are raised to the same degree.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Cosine Antenna.

The array of operating frequencies of the antenna array element as a string vector 1 on of increasing real values. The element has no response outside the frequency range given by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. The units of frequency measurement are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone. To set the response at these frequencies, use the Frequency responses (dB) parameters.

The frequency response of custom antenna array elements is determined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters. The dimensions of the Frequency responses (dB) vector must match the dimensions of the vector defined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone.

Selects the user antenna pattern coordinate system, either az-el or phi-theta is specified. When az-el is selected, the Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the directional pattern points. When the `phi-theta parameter is specified, the Phi angle (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the pattern points.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

The azimuth angle values for which the antenna radiation pattern will be calculated as vector-string 1 at . must be greater than 2. The values of the azimuth angles must lie in the range from −180° to 180° inclusive and be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

The values of the place angles at which you want to calculate the radiation pattern as vector 1 at . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. The elevation angles must lie in the range from −90° up to and including 90° and be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Angular coordinates Phi of the points at which the antenna radiation pattern is specified. Defined as a real vector-string 1 on . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. The values of the angles Phi must lie in the range from 0° to 360° and be arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Theta angular coordinates of the points where the antenna radiation pattern is specified. Defined as a real vector-string 1 on . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. Values of the angles Theta must lie in the range from 0° to 180° and be arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Antenna pattern magnitude given as a matrix by or an array by by .

The value of is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

The phase radiation pattern of the combined antenna, given as a matrix on or an array on on .

The value of is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

If the parameters value is on, the pattern of the antenna element is rotated to align with the array normal. If off, the pattern of the element is not rotated.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters is set to az-el, checking this checkbox rotates the pattern so that the x-axis of the element coordinate system points along the array normal. If no selection is made, the element pattern without rotation is used.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters is set to phi-theta, checking this checkbox rotates the pattern so that the z-axis of the element coordinate system points along the array normal.

Use this parameter together with the Array Normal parameter of the URA and UCA arrays.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Antenna pattern beamwidth in degrees.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Gaussian Antenna.

The frequency values for the polar radiation pattern are given as a real scalar or real vector-string 1 on . The frequencies lie within the frequency range specified by the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

The angle values for the microphone’s polar pattern are specified as a vector . The angles are measured from the centre axis of the microphone and should range from −180° to 180° inclusive.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Set the polar pattern magnitude of the user microphone element as a real vector-string 1 by , where is the number of frequencies specified in the Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) parameters. The string represents the polar pattern magnitude measured at the corresponding frequency specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). The directional pattern is measured in the azimuth plane. In the azimuth plane, the angle of place is 0° and the centre axis is 0° in azimuth and 0° in elevation. The polar pattern is symmetrical around the centre axis. Based on the polar diagram, you can construct the microphone’s radiation pattern in three-dimensional space.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

The geometry of the array, specified as:

The number of array elements for ULA or UCA arrays, specified as an integer greater than or equal to 2.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to ULA or UCA.

URA array sizes specified as a positive integer or a vector of positive integers 1 by 2.

For URA, array elements are indexed from top to bottom by the leftmost column and then proceed to the next columns from left to right. The figure shows an array for which the Array size parameters has the value [3 2], that is, it has three rows and two columns.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA.

The distance between neighbouring elements of an array:

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to ULA or URA.

The direction of the ULA linear axis specified as y, x or z. All elements of the ULA array are uniformly distributed along this axis in the local array coordinate system.

Dependencies

Lattice of URA element positions specified as rectangular or triangular.

Dependencies

Array normal direction specified as x, y or z.

The elements of planar arrays lie in a plane orthogonal to the selected array normal direction. The angular coordinate directions of the elements are directed along the array normal direction.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to URA or UCA.

Radius of UCA array, positive scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to UCA.

The positions of the elements of a conformal array given as a 3-by real-value matrix, where is the number of elements in the conformal array. Each column of this matrix represents the position [x;y;z] of an array element in the array’s local coordinate system. The origin of the local coordinate system is (0,0,0). The units of measurement are metres.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to Conformal Array.

The direction of the vectors of normals of the elements of a conformal array, given as a vector-column 2 by 1 or a matrix 2 by . denotes the number of elements in the array. For a matrix, each column specifies the direction of the normal of the corresponding element in the form [azimuth,elevation] with respect to the local coordinate system. In the local coordinate system, the positive x-axis coincides with the direction of the normal to the conformal array. If the parameter value is a 2-by-1 column vector, the same pointing direction is used for all array elements.

The parameters Element positions (m) and Element normals (deg) can be used to represent any arrangement in which pairs of elements differ from each other by certain transformations. These transformations may include translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation with respect to the direction of the normal.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to Conformal Array.

The change of the directivity diagram of the antenna array elements is specified as a complex scalar or complex vector 1 at , where is the number of antenna array elements.

The coefficients that change the directivity pattern, also called element weights, multiply the responses of the antenna array elements. The coefficients change both the amplitude and phase of the response to reduce side lobes or the direction of the main response axis.

If the value of the Taper parameters is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, then the weight from the vector is applied to the corresponding antenna array element. The number of weights must correspond to the number of antenna array elements.