Engee documentation

Scattering MIMO Channel

MIMO propagation channel with scattering.

scattering mimo channel

Description

The Scattering MIMO Channel block simulates multipath propagation over a three-dimensional channel in which radiated signals from a transmitting antenna array are reflected from multiple scatterers back to the receiving antenna array. In this channel, the propagation paths are direct paths (line of sight) from point to point. The block models the range dependent time delay, gain, Doppler shift, phase change and atmospheric losses due to gases, rain, fog and clouds. If desired, it is possible to propagate the signal along a direct path from transmitter to receiver.

The attenuation models for atmospheric gases and rain are valid for electromagnetic signals in the frequency range 1-1000 GHz, while the attenuation model for fog and clouds is valid only for 10-1000 GHz. Outside these frequency ranges, the facility uses the nearest acceptable value.

Ports

Input

X - emitted narrowband signal
complex matrix M on Nt

The radiated narrowband signal as a complex matrix by , where is the number of samples in the signal and is the number of transmitting elements of the antenna array. Each column represents the signal transmitted by the corresponding element of the antenna array.

The size of the first dimension of the input matrix may be varied to simulate varying signal duration. The size variation may occur, for example, in the case of a pulsed signal with a variable pulse repetition rate.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Polarisation configuration parameters to None or Combined.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

XH is the emitted narrowband H-polarisation signal
`complex matrix M on Nt

The emitted narrowband H-polarisation signal as a complex matrix by , where is the number of samples in the signal and is the number of transmitting elements of the antenna array. Each column represents the signal transmitted by the corresponding antenna array element.

The size of the first dimension of the input matrix may be varied to simulate varying signal duration. The size variation may occur, for example, in the case of a pulsed signal with a variable pulse repetition rate.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Polarisation configuration parameters to Dual.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

XV - emitted narrowband V-polarisation signal
`complex matrix M on Nt

The emitted narrowband V-polarisation signal as a complex matrix by , where is the number of samples in the signal and is the number of transmitting elements of the antenna array. Each column represents the signal transmitted by the corresponding antenna array element.

The size of the first dimension of the input matrix may be varied to simulate varying signal duration. The size variation may occur, for example, in the case of a pulsed signal with a variable pulse repetition rate.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Polarisation configuration parameters to Dual.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

TxPos - position of the transmitting antenna array
real vector-column 3 by 1

The position of the transmitting antenna array is specified as a real vector-column 3 by 1, having the form . The elements of the vector correspond to the positions of the antenna array along the axes , and . The units of measurement are m.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of transmit array motion parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

TxVel - speed of the transmitting antenna array
real vector-column 3 by 1

The velocity of the transmitting antenna array is specified as a real vector-column 3 by 1, having the form . The elements of the vector correspond to the antenna array velocity along the axes , and . The units of measurement are m/s.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of transmit array motion parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

TxAxes - orientation of the axes of the transmitting antenna array
real orthonormalised matrix 3 by 3

The orientation of the axes of the transmitting antenna array is specified as a real orthonormalised matrix 3 by 3. The matrix defines the orientation of the local coordinate system of the array with respect to the global coordinates. The matrix columns correspond to the directions of the axes , and of the local coordinate system. The units are dimensionless.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of transmit array motion parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

RxPos - position of the receiving antenna array
real vector-column 3 by 1

The position of the receiving antenna array is specified as a real vector-column 3 by 1, having the form . The elements of the vector correspond to the positions of the antenna array along the axes , and . The units of measurement are m.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of receive array motion parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

RxVel - speed of the receiving antenna array
real vector-column 3 by 1

The velocity of the receiving antenna array is specified as a real vector-column 3 by 1, having the form . The elements of the vector correspond to the antenna array velocity along the axes , and . The units of measurement are m/s.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of receive array motion parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

RxAxes - orientation of the receiving antenna array axes
real orthonormalised matrix 3 by 3

The orientation of the axes of the receiving antenna array is specified as a 3 by 3 real orthonormalised matrix. The matrix defines the orientation of the local coordinate system of the array relative to the global coordinates. The matrix columns correspond to the directions of the axes , and of the local coordinate system. The units are dimensionless.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Source of receive array motion parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

ScatPos - positions of scatterers
real matrix 3 by Ns

The positions of the scatterers are given as a real matrix 3 on . Each column of the matrix is of the form containing the scatterer positions on the axes , and . The units of measurement are m.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

ScatVel - velocities of scatterers
real matrix 3 by Ns

The scatterer velocities are given as a real matrix 3 on . Each column of the matrix is of the form containing the scatterer velocities on the axes , and . The units of measurement are m/s.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

ScatCoef - scattering coefficient
complex vector-string 1 by Ns

The scatterer coefficients are given as a complex vector-string 1 on . Each element of the vector specifies the scattering coefficient of the corresponding scatterer. The units are dimensionless.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Input port.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Output

Y - received narrowband signal
`complex matrix M on Nr

The received narrowband signal as a complex matrix by , where is the number of samples in the signal and is the number of receiving elements of the antenna array. Each column represents the signal received by the corresponding antenna array element.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Polarisation configuration parameters to None or Combined.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

YH - the received narrowband H-polarisation signal
`complex matrix M on Nr

The received narrowband H-polarisation signal as a complex matrix by , where is the number of samples in the signal and is the number of receiving elements of the antenna array. Each column represents the signal received by the corresponding antenna array element.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Polarisation configuration parameters to Dual.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

YV - received narrowband V-polarisation signal
`complex matrix M on Nt

The received narrowband V-polarisation signal as a complex matrix by , where is the number of samples in the signal and is the number of receiving elements of the antenna array. Each column represents the signal received by the corresponding antenna array element.

Dependencies

To use this port, set the Polarisation configuration parameters to Dual.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

CS - channel response
complex array Nt to Nr to Ns.

The channel response as a complex array to to , where is the number of transmitting elements of the antenna array, is the number of receiving elements of the antenna array, and is the number of scatterers. Each page of the array corresponds to the channel response matrix for a particular scatterer.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Output channel response checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Tau - propagation delay
real vector 1 by Ns.

Propagation delay as a real vector 1 on , where is the number of scatterers. Each element corresponds to the time delay on the path from the phase centre of the transmitting antenna array to the scatterer and then to the phase centre of the receiving antenna array.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Output channel response checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Parameters

Main

Propagation speed (m/s) - speed of signal propagation
3e8 (by default) | positive scalar

Signal propagation speed as a real positive scalar.

By default, the value of the speed of light is 3e8.

The unit of measurement is m/c.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Signal carrier frequency (Hz) - carrier frequency of the signal
3e8 (by default) | positive scalar

Carrier frequency of the signal as a positive real scalar. The unit of measurement is Hz.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Polarisation configuration - polarisation configuration
None (by default) | Combined | Dual

Polarisation configuration. Values to be selected:

  • None - the output field is treated as a scalar field.

  • Combined - the emitted fields are polarised and interpreted as a single signal in the inherent polarisation of the sensor.

  • Dual - the and polarisation components of the emitted field are independent signals.

Specify atmospheric parameters - take into account signal attenuation in the atmosphere
Off (By default) | On

Select this check box to enable atmospheric attenuation accounting.

When selected, the parameters Temperature (degrees Celsius), Dry air pressure (Pa), Water vapour density (g/m^3), Liquid water density (g/m^3), and Rain rate (mm/h) appear in the dialogue box.

Temperature (degrees Celsius) is the ambient temperature
15 (By default) | scalar.

Ambient temperature specified as a real scalar. The unit of measurement is degrees Celsius.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Specify atmospheric parameters checkbox.

Dry air pressure (Pa) is the atmospheric pressure of dry air
101325 (By default) | positive scalar

Atmospheric pressure of dry air specified as a positive real scalar. The value of this parameter by default corresponds to one standard atmosphere. The unit of measurement is Pa.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Specify atmospheric parameters checkbox.

Water vapour density (g/m^3) - the density of water vapour in the atmosphere
7.5 (by default) | `positive scalar'.

The density of water vapour in the atmosphere, given as a positive real scalar. The unit of measurement is g/m3.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Specify atmospheric parameters checkbox.

Liquid water density (g/m^3) - liquid water density
0.0 (by default) | `non-negative scalar'.

The density of liquid water in fog or clouds, given as a non-negative real scalar. The unit of measurement is g/m3. Typical values of liquid water density are 0.05 for medium fog and 0.5 for dense fog.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Specify atmospheric parameters checkbox.

Rain rate (mm/h) - rainfall intensity
0.0 (By default) | `non-negative scalar'.

Precipitation intensity specified as a non-negative real scalar. The unit of measurement is mm/h.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Specify atmospheric parameters checkbox.

Inherit sample rate - inherit sample rate
On (By default) | Off

Select the checkbox to inherit sample rate from upstream blocks. Otherwise, set the sample rate using the Sample rate (Hz) parameters.

Sample rate (Hz) - sampling rate
1e6 (By default) | Positive scalar

Sampling frequency of the signal as a positive scalar. The unit of measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameters, uncheck the Inherit sample rate checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Simulate direct path propagation - enable direct path propagation
` disabled (by default)` | ` enabled`

Select this checkbox to enable direct path propagation (line-of-sight) from the transmitting antenna array to the receiving antenna array without scattering.

Maximum delay (s) - maximum signal delay
10e-6 (By default) | positive scalar

Maximum signal delay specified as a positive scalar. Delays exceeding this value are ignored.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Output channel response - enable channel response output
off (by default) | on

Select this checkbox to output channel response and time delay via CS and Tau output ports.

Transmit Array and Receive Array

Specify sensor array as - method of specifying the antenna array
Array (no subarrays)

The antenna array assignment method specified as Array (no subarrays).

  • Array (no subarrays)- block parameters are used to specify the antenna array.

Element

Element type - type of antenna array element
Isotropic Antenna (by default) | Cardioid Antenna | Cosine Antenna | Custom Antenna | Gaussian Antenna | Sinc Antenna | Omni Microphone | Custom Microphone

Type of antenna or acoustic element.

Available values:

  • Isotropic Antenna.

  • Cardioid Antenna

  • `Cosine Antenna

  • `Custom Antenna

  • `Gaussian Antenna

  • `Sinc Antenna

  • `Omni Microphone

  • `Custom Microphone

Operating frequency range (Hz) - the operating frequency range of the antenna or acoustic element
`[0 1e20] (by default) | real vector-string 1 by 2 `

The operating frequency range of an antenna or acoustic element as a 1-by-2 string vector in the form [LowerBound,UpperBound]. Outside this frequency range, the element has no response.

The unit of frequency measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Baffle the back of the element - set the response of Isotropic Antenna element or Omni Microphone to zero
off (by default) | on

Select this check box to mute the response of the element.

When muting the response, all azimuth angles greater than ±90° from the broadside are set to zero. The broadside is defined as an azimuth angle of 0° and an elevation angle of 0°.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Isotropic Antenna or Omni Microphone.

Null axis direction - the direction of the null axis emission
-x (By default) | +x | +y | -y | +z | -z

The direction of the zero-radiation axis.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Cardioid Antenna.

Exponent of cosine pattern - set the index of azimuthal and altitude cosine patterns
[1.5 1.5] (by default) | non-negative scalar | real matrix of non-negative values 1 by 2

Indices of the cosine directional pattern as a non-negative scalar or a 1-by-2 real matrix of non-negative values.

If the Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1 by 2 vector, the first element is the index in the azimuth direction and the second element is the index in the elevation direction. When this parameters is scalar, the cosines in the azimuth and elevation directions are raised to the same degree.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Cosine Antenna.

Operating frequency vector (Hz) is the operating frequency range of the user’s antenna or acoustic element
[0,1e20] (By default) | real vector string

The operating frequency range of the antenna or acoustic element as a string vector 1 on of increasing real values. The element has no response outside the frequency range given by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. The unit of frequency measurement is Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone. To set the response at these frequencies, use the Frequency responses (dB) parameters.

Frequency responses (dB) - frequency response of the antenna and acoustic element
[0,0] (By default)| real vector-string.

Frequency response of the user antenna or user acoustic element for frequencies defined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters. The size of the Frequency responses (dB) vector must match the size of the vector defined by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna or Custom Microphone.

Input Pattern Coordinate System - the coordinate system of the custom antenna pattern
az-el (by default) | phi-theta.

The user antenna pattern coordinate system is specified by az-el or phi-theta. When az-el is specified, the parameters Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) are used to specify the coordinates of the pattern points. When the `phi-theta parameter is specified, the Phi angle (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters are used to specify the coordinates of the directional pattern points.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Azimuth angles (deg) - azimuth angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[-180:180] (By default) | real vector-string

The azimuth angles from which the antenna radiation pattern will be calculated as a vector-string 1 to P. P must be greater than 2. The azimuth angles must lie in the range from −180° to 180° inclusive, and must be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Elevation angles (deg) - the elevation angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[-90:90] (by default) | real vector-string.

The elevation angles at which you want to calculate the radiation pattern as vector 1 at . must be greater than 2. The units of measurement of the angles are degrees. Elevation angles must lie in the range from −90° to 90° inclusive and be in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Magnitude pattern (dB) is the magnitude of the radiation pattern of the combined antenna
zeros(181,361) (by default) | real matrix Q on P | real array Q on P on L

The magnitude of the radiation pattern of the combined antenna, given as a matrix on or an array on on .

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, then Q is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, and P is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, then is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter, and is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The value of is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix to , the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the parameter is an array to to , each page to of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Phase pattern (deg) - the phase pattern of the custom antenna radiation pattern
zeros(181,361) (By default) | real matrix Q on P | real array Q on P on L

The phase radiation pattern of the combined antenna, given as a matrix on or an array on on .

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to az-el, then is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, and is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to phi-theta, then is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Theta Angles (deg) parameter, and is equal to the length of the vector specified by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

The value of is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameters.

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix to , the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the parameter is an array to to , then each page to of the array specifies a pattern for the corresponding frequency specified in the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Align element normal with array normal - rotate the antenna element to the normal position of the antenna array
On (By default) | Off.

If the parameters value is on, the antenna element pattern is rotated to align with the normal to the antenna array. If off, the element pattern is not rotated.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters is set to az-el, selecting this checkbox rotates the pattern so that the x-axis of the element coordinate system points along the normal to the antenna array. If no selection is made, the element pattern without rotation is used.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameters is set to phi-theta, selecting this checkbox rotates the pattern so that the z-axis of the element coordinate system points along the normal to the antenna array.

Use this parameter in conjunction with the Array Normal parameters of the URA and UCA antenna arrays.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Antenna.

Radiation pattern beamwidth (deg) - angles of the radiation pattern solution
[10, 10] (by default) | real scalar | real vector-string 1 by 2

Angles of the beamwidth pattern solution in degrees.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Gaussian Antenna or Sinc Antenna.

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) - response frequencies of the polar pattern acoustic element
1e3 (By default) | real scalar | real vector-string 1 on L

The response frequencies of a polar pattern acoustic element, given as a real scalar or real vector-string 1 on . The response frequencies lie within the frequency range specified by the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern angles (deg) - polar pattern response angles
[-180:180] (By default) | `real vector string 1 on P'.

Set the response angles of the polar radiation pattern as vector-string 1 at . The angles are measured from the centre axis of the acoustic element and should range from −180° to 180° inclusive.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern (dB) - polar pattern of the custom acoustic element
zeros(1,361) (By default) | `real vector string 1 to L'.

Set the polar pattern magnitude of the custom acoustic element as a real vector-string 1 by , where is the number of frequencies specified in the Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) parameter. The string represents the polar pattern magnitude measured at the corresponding frequency specified in Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). The directional pattern is measured in the azimuth plane. In the azimuth plane, the elevation angle is 0° and the centre axis is 0° in azimuth and 0° in elevation. The polar pattern is symmetrical around the centre axis. Based on the polar diagram, it is possible to construct the directivity diagram of an acoustic element in three-dimensional space.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameters to Custom Microphone.

Array

Geometry - geometry of the antenna array
ULA (by default) | URA | UCA | Conformal Array

The geometry of the antenna array defined as:

  • ULA is a uniform linear antenna array.

  • URA - uniform rectangular antenna array.

  • UCA - uniform circular antenna array.

  • Conformal Array - arbitrary arrangement of elements.

Number of elements - number of antenna array elements
2 for ULA antenna array and 5 for UCA (by default) | `an integer greater than or equal to 2'.

The number of antenna array elements for ULA or UCA, specified as an integer greater than or equal to 2.

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each subarray.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to ULA or UCA.

Array size - URA antenna array dimensions
[2,2] (by default) | positive integer | vector of positive integers 1 by 2

URA antenna array dimensions specified as a positive integer or a vector of positive integers 1 by 2.

  • If the antenna array size is a 1-by-2 vector, the vector is of the form [NumberOfArrayRows, NumberOfArrayColumns].

  • If the antenna array size is an integer, the array has the same number of rows and columns.

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each antenna array.

For URA, the antenna array elements are indexed from top to bottom of the leftmost column and then proceed to the next columns from left to right. The figure shows an antenna array for which the Array size parameter is set to [3,2], that is, it has three rows and two columns.

mvdr beamformer 1

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA.

Element spacing (m) - distance between antenna array elements
` 0.5 for ULA arrays and [0.5,0.5] for URA arrays (by default)` | ` positive scalar for ULA or URA arrays | ` two-element vector of positive values for URA arrays`.

Distance between neighbouring lattice elements:

  • ULA - specify the distance between two neighbouring antenna array elements as a positive scalar.

  • URA - specify the distance as a positive scalar or vector of positive values 1 by 2. If Element spacing (m) is a scalar, the distances between rows and columns are equal. If Element spacing (m) is a vector, the vector is [SpacingBetweenArrayRows,SpacingBetweenArrayColumns].

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each antenna array.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to ULA or URA.

Array axis - direction of the linear axis of ULA
y (By default) | x | z

ULA linear axis direction specified as y, x or z. All elements of the ULA antenna array are uniformly distributed along this axis in the local array coordinate system.

Dependencies

  • To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to ULA.

  • This parameter is also used if the unit only supports ULA arrays.

Element lattice - lattice of URA element positions
Rectangular (by default) | Triangular.

Lattice of URA element positions specified as rectangular or triangular.

  • Rectangular - aligns all elements by rows and columns.

  • Triangular - shifts elements of the even row of the rectangular lattice towards the positive direction of the row axis. The offset is half the distance between the elements by the row size.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA.

Array normal - direction of the antenna array normal
x for URA arrays or z for UCA arrays (by default) | y.

Antenna array normal direction specified as x, y or z.

The elements of planar gratings lie in a plane orthogonal to the selected direction of the antenna array normal. The directions of the angular coordinates of the elements are directed along the normal direction of the antenna array.

  • x - the antenna array elements lie in the yz-plane. The angular coordinate vectors of all elements are directed along the x-axis.

  • y - the elements of the antenna array lie in the zx-plane. The vectors of angular coordinates of all elements are directed along the y-axis.

  • z - elements of the antenna array lie in the xy-plane. The vectors of angular coordinates of all elements are directed along the z-axis.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA or UCA.

Radius of UCA (m) - radius of UCA antenna array
0.5 (by default) | positive scalar

Radius of UCA antenna array, positive scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to UCA.

Element positions (m) - positions of the conformal antenna array elements
[0;0;0] (by default) | ` real matrix 3 by N`

The positions of the elements of a conformal antenna array, given as a 3-by-N matrix of real values, where N is the number of elements in the conformal array. Each column of this matrix represents the position [x;y;z] of the antenna array element in the local coordinate system of the antenna array. The origin of the local coordinate system is (0,0,0). The units of measurement are metres.

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each subarray.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to Conformal Array.

Element normals (deg) - direction of the normal vectors of the conformal antenna array elements
[0;0] | `vector-column 2 by 1 | matrix 2 by N

The direction of the vectors of normals of the elements of a conformal antenna array, given as a column vector 2 by 1 or a matrix 2 by N. N denotes the number of elements in the antenna array. For a matrix, each column specifies the normal direction of the corresponding element in the form [azimuth;elevation] with respect to the local coordinate system. In the local coordinate system, the positive x axis coincides with the direction of the normal to the conformal antenna array. If the parameters value is a column vector 2 by 1, the same pointing direction is used for all elements of the antenna array.

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each antenna subarray.

The Element positions (m) and Element normals (deg) parameters can be used to represent any arrangement in which pairs of elements differ from each other by certain transformations. These transformations may include translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, you cannot use transformations that require rotation with respect to the direction of the normal.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameters to Conformal Array.

Taper - change of directional pattern of antenna array elements
1 (by default) | complex scalar | complex vector.

The change of the directivity diagram of the antenna array elements is specified as a complex scalar or complex vector 1 at , where is the number of antenna array elements.

The coefficients that change the directivity pattern, also called element weights, multiply the responses of the antenna array elements. The coefficients change both the amplitude and phase of the response to reduce side lobes or the direction of the main response axis.

If the value of the Taper parameters is a scalar, the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, then the weight from the vector is applied to the corresponding antenna array element. The number of weights must correspond to the number of antenna array elements.

When the Specify sensor array as parameter is set to Replicated subarray, this parameter is applied to each antenna subarray.

Motion

Source of transmit array motion - specify the source of parameters of transmit antenna array motion
Property (by default) | Input port

Source of transmit antenna array motion parameters, parameters to be selected:

  • Property - the location and orientation of the antenna array are set using the parameters Position of the transmit array (m) and Orientation of the transmit array. The antenna array is stationary.

  • Input port - the location, velocity and orientation of the antenna array are set using the input ports TxPos, TxVel and TxAxes.

Position of the transmit array (m) - position of the transmit antenna array
[0, 0, 0, 0] (by default) | ` real vector-column 3 by 1`

The position of the transmitting antenna array is specified as a real column vector 3 by 1, having the form . The elements of the vector correspond to the positions of the antenna array along the axes , and . The units of measurement are m.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Source of transmit array motion parameter to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Orientation of the transmit array - orientation of the transmit antenna array axes
[1 0 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1] (by default)| ` real orthonormal matrix 3 by 3`

The orientation of the transmitting antenna array axes is specified as a 3 by 3 real orthonormalised matrix. The matrix defines the orientation of the local coordinate system of the array with respect to the global coordinates. The matrix columns correspond to the directions of the axes , and of the local coordinate system. The units are dimensionless.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Source of transmit array motion parameter to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Source of receive array motion - specify the source of parameters of receiving antenna array motion
Property (by default) | Input port

Source of receiving antenna array motion parameters, parameters to be selected:

  • Property - the position and orientation of the antenna array are set using the parameters Position of the receive array (m) and Orientation of the receive array. The antenna array is stationary.

  • Input port - the location, velocity and orientation of the antenna array are set using the input ports RxPos, RxVel and RxAxes.

Position of the receive array (m) - position of the receive antenna array
[299792458/1e5, 0, 0] (by default) | ` real vector-column 3 by 1`

The position of the receiving antenna array is specified as a real vector-column 3 by 1, having the form . The elements of the vector correspond to the positions of the antenna array along the axes , and . The units of measurement are m.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Source of receive array motion parameter to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Orientation of the receiving array - orientation of the receiving antenna array axes
[-1 0 0 0; 0 -1 0; 0 0 0 1] (by default)| ` real orthonormal matrix 3 by 3 `

The orientation of the receiving antenna array axes is specified as a 3 by 3 real orthonormalised matrix. The matrix defines the orientation of the local coordinate system of the array relative to the global coordinates. The matrix columns correspond to the directions of the axes , and of the local coordinate system. The units are dimensionless.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Source of receive array motion parameter to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Scatterer specification - specify source of scatterer parameters
Auto (by default) | Property | Input port

Scatterer parameters source, options to select from:

  • Auto - all positions and scattering coefficients are randomly generated. The velocities of scatterers are equal to zero. The generated positions are within the area defined by the Boundary of scatterer positions parameter. The number of scatterers is set using the Number of scatterers parameters.

  • Property - positions of scatterers are specified using the Positions of scatterers (m) parameters. The scattering coefficients are set using the Scattering coefficients parameters. The velocities of the scatterers are zero.

  • Input port - positions, velocities and scattering coefficients for scatterers are set using input ports of ScatPos, ScatVel and ScatCoef blocks.

Number of scatterers - number of scatterers
1 (by default) | non-negative integer scalar.

The number of scatterers specified as a non-negative integer.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Auto.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Boundary of scatterer positions - boundaries of scatterer positions
[0 1000] (by default) | real vector 1 by 2 | real matrix 3 by 2

The position of the scatterer boundaries given as a 1-by-2 real line vector or a 3-by-2 real matrix. If the boundaries are given as a 1-by-2 vector, it contains the minimum and maximum values for all three dimensions [minbdry maxbdry]. If the bounds are given as a 3-by-2 matrix, it contains the minimum and maximum values for all three dimensions as [x_minbdry x_maxbdry;y_minbdry y_maxbdry; z_minbdry z_maxbdry].

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Auto.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Positions of scatterers (m) - positions of scatterers
[299792458*5e-6, 0, 0] (by default) | ` real matrix 3 by Ns`

The positions of the scatterers are given as a real matrix 3 by . Each column of the matrix is of the form containing the scatterer positions on the axes , and . The units of measurement are m.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Scattering coefficients - scattering coefficients
1 (by default) | complex vector-string 1 on Ns

The scattering coefficients, are given as a complex vector-string 1 on . Each element of the vector specifies the scattering coefficient of the corresponding scatterer. The units are dimensionless.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Scatterer specification parameters to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64.

Support for complex numbers: Yes