Fault

Short circuit (short circuit) with time control, range of values, or an external trigger.

blockType: AcausalElectricPowerSystems.Utilities.Fault

Path in the library:

/Physical Modeling/Electrical/Utilities/Fault

Description

Block Fault simulates a short circuit (short circuit) in the form of an instantaneous change in resistance. You can use it to reproduce the behavior of both a circuit break and a short circuit. The block supports the following trigger options:

At a certain time. The unit can also remove the short circuit after a set time has elapsed.
When going beyond the set voltage or current range.
If the input signal becomes greater or less than the set threshold value.

Parameter Fault resets when fault trigger reverts it also allows you to reset the short circuit when the value of the external signal F ceases to satisfy the condition External fault trigger. You can enable or disable all three triggers individually. If the simulation requires more than one trigger, you can use them together.

When the short circuit is not active, the resistance between the two electrical ports is determined by the value of the parameter Unfaulted resistance. The default value for this parameter is inf that is, the circuit is open.

When a short circuit occurs, the unit changes the resistance between the two electrical ports to the value of the parameter Faulted resistance. The default value for this parameter is 1e-3 Ohms, that is, the ports are shorted.

The output signal X transmits the state of the block; if the block is in short circuit, the output signal is 1, otherwise 0. The input signal on port F is an external short circuit trigger signal and is used only if the checkbox is selected. Enable external fault trigger.

Ports

Conserving

# + — positive
electricity

Details

The electrical port represents the positive terminal of the unit.

Program usage name

p

# − — negative
electricity

Details

The electrical port represents the negative terminal of the unit.

Program usage name

n

Output

# X — short circuit status
scalar

Details

Signal output port for short circuit status message:

1 — short circuit.
0 — no changes.

Data types	`Float64`
Complex numbers support	No

Input

# F — external short circuit call
scalar

Details

An external signal to call the short circuit.

Dependencies

To use this port, check the box Enable external fault trigger.

Data types	`Float64`
Complex numbers support	No

Parameters

Main

# Unfaulted resistance — resistance without short circuit
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

Resistance between ports + and − in the absence of a short circuit.

Units	`Ohm` \| `mOhm` \| `kOhm` \| `MOhm` \| `GOhm`
Default value	`Inf Ohm`
Program usage name	`R_unfaulted`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Faulted resistance — short circuit resistance
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

Resistance between ports + and − when the short circuit is active.

Units	`Ohm` \| `mOhm` \| `kOhm` \| `MOhm` \| `GOhm`
Default value	`1e-3 Ohm`
Program usage name	`R_faulted`
Evaluatable	Yes

Temporal Trigger

# Enable temporal fault trigger — time limit start-up

Details

Select this checkbox to enable the time limit start.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`temporal`
Evaluatable	No

# Simulation time for fault event — time of the start of the short circuit
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The simulation time at which the block switches to the short-circuit state.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable temporal fault trigger.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`1.0 s`
Program usage name	`start_time`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Fault duration — duration of short circuit
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time of the simulation duration is short. The unit exits the short circuit state after the set time has elapsed.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable temporal fault trigger.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`Inf s`
Program usage name	`duration`
Evaluatable	Yes

Behavioral Trigger

# Enable behavioral fault trigger — short circuit start by event

Details

Select this checkbox to enable the event trigger.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`behavioral`
Evaluatable	No

# Permissible voltage range — permissible voltage range
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

Specify a vector of two elements that defines the allowable voltage range. If the voltage is outside this range for longer than specified in the parameter Time to fail when exceeding voltage range, then the block switches to the short circuit state.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable behavioral fault trigger.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`[-100.0, 100.0] V`
Program usage name	`permissible_voltage_range`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Time to fail when exceeding voltage range — time to short circuit when out of the acceptable range of values
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Set the maximum time interval during which the voltage can exceed the permissible range without causing a short circuit.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable behavioral fault trigger.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`1.0 s`
Program usage name	`time_fail_on_voltage`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Permissible current range — permissible current strength range
A | pA | nA | uA | mA | kA | MA

Details

Specify a vector of two elements that defines the allowable current strength range. If the current strength is outside this range for longer than specified in the parameter Time to fail when exceeding current range, then the block switches to the short circuit state.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable behavioral fault trigger.

Units	`A` \| `pA` \| `nA` \| `uA` \| `mA` \| `kA` \| `MA`
Default value	`[-1.0, 1.0] A`
Program usage name	`permissible_current_range`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Time to fail when exceeding current range — time to short circuit when out of the acceptable range of values
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Set the maximum time interval during which the current can exceed the permissible range without causing a short circuit.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable behavioral fault trigger.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`1.0 s`
Program usage name	`time_fail_on_current`
Evaluatable	Yes

External Trigger

# Enable external fault trigger — short circuit start by external signal

Details

Select this checkbox to enable the start of the short circuit on an external signal F.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`external`
Evaluatable	No

# External fault trigger — short-circuit condition
Faulted if F ≥ Fault threshold | Faulted if F ≤ Fault threshold

Details

Select the short circuit condition:

Faulted if F ≥ Fault threshold — Short circuit occurs when the value of the external signal F becomes greater than or equal to the value of the parameter Fault threshold.
Faulted if F ≤ Fault threshold — Short circuit occurs when the value of the external signal F becomes less than or equal to the value of the parameter Fault threshold.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable external fault trigger.

Values	`Faulted if F ≥ Fault threshold` \| `Faulted if F ≤ Fault threshold`
Default value	`Faulted if F ≥ Fault threshold`
Program usage name	`condition`
Evaluatable	No

# Fault threshold — the threshold value that causes a short circuit

Details

A short circuit occurs when an external signal crosses the threshold value in the direction specified in the short circuit condition (External fault trigger).

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable external fault trigger.

Default value	`0.5`
Program usage name	`control_signal_threshold`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Fault resets when fault trigger reverts — short circuit termination when the trigger signal is restored

Details

Select this checkbox to terminate the short circuit at the moment when the value of the external signal F ceases to satisfy the condition External fault trigger.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable external fault trigger.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`resettable`
Evaluatable	No