Engee documentation

Coupler (CE)

Simulates ideal frequency-independent couplers with S-parameters.

blockType: SubSystem

coupler ce

Path in the library:

/RF/Circuit Envelope/Junctions/Coupler (CE)

Description

Block Coupler (CE) simulates a four-port directional coupler in an envelope simulation environment using an ideal model with S-parameters. The coupler has the following ports: input ports (1-, 1+), transmission ports (2-, 2+), isolated ports (3-, 3+) and related ports (4-, 4+).

Directional couplers are used to measure direct and reflected waves propagating along a transmission line. Directional couplers are used in many areas of radio frequency engineering, such as linear power sensors and automatic transmitter level controls.

Hybrid couplers are used to separate or combine signals with specific phase ratios.

Ports

Conserving

# 1+ — input port
electricity

Details

The positive terminal of the input port.

Program usage name

1+

# 1− — input port
electricity

Details

The negative terminal of the input port.

Program usage name

1−

# 3+ — isolated port
electricity

Details

The positive terminal of the isolated port.

Program usage name

3+

# 3− — isolated port
electricity

Details

The negative terminal of the isolated port.

Program usage name

3−

# 2+ — transfer port
electricity

Details

The positive terminal of the transmission port.

Program usage name

2+

# 2− — transfer port
electricity

Details

The negative terminal of the transmission port.

Program usage name

2−

# 4+ — associated port
electricity

Details

The positive terminal of the connected port.

Program usage name

4+

# 4− — associated port
electricity

Details

The negative terminal of the connected port.

Program usage name

4−

Parameters

Parameters

# Select component: — type of coupler
Directional coupler | Coupler symmetrical | Coupler antisymmetrical | Hybrid quadrature (90 deg) | Hybrid rat-race | Magic tee

Details

The type of coupler specified as:

  • Directional coupler

    The matrix of S-parameters for Directional coupler:

    where

    • ;

    • ;

    • ;

    • .

    Use this option to simulate the parameters of the coupler based on the technical characteristics.

  • Coupler symmetrical

    The matrix of S-parameters for Coupler symmetrical:

    where

    • — power transmission coefficient;

    • .

  • Coupler antisymmetrical

    The matrix of S-parameters for Coupler antisymmetrical:

    where

    • — power transmission coefficient;

    • .

  • Hybrid quadrature (90 deg)

    The S-parameter matrix for Hybrid quadrature (90 deg):

  • Hybrid rat-race

    The S-parameter matrix for Hybrid rat-race:

  • Magic tee

    The S-parameter matrix for Magic tee:

Values

Directional coupler | Coupler symmetrical | Coupler antisymmetrical | Hybrid quadrature (90 deg) | Hybrid rat-race | Magic tee
Default value

Directional coupler
Program usage name

type
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes

# Coupling, dB — the percentage of the input signal power connected to the output port

Details

The percentage of the input signal power connected to the output port of the type coupler Directional coupler It is defined as a non-negative real scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Select component: meaning Directional coupler.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

coupling
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes

# Directivity, dB — the ratio of the power on the connected port to the power on the isolated port

Details

The ratio of the power on the connected port to the power on the isolated port of the type coupler Directional coupler It is defined as a non-negative real scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Select component: meaning Directional coupler.

Default value

Inf
Program usage name

directivity
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes

# Insertion loss, dB — loss of signal power between input and output ports

Details

Loss of signal power between the input and output ports of the type coupler Directional coupler It is defined as a non-negative real scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Select component: meaning Directional coupler.

Default value

Inf
Program usage name

insertionLoss
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes

# Return loss, dB — loss of signal power due to impedance mismatch

Details

Loss of signal power due to mismatch of type coupler impedances Directional coupler It is defined as a non-negative real scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Select component: meaning Directional coupler.

Default value

Inf
Program usage name

returnLoss
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes

# Power transmission coefficient — the power of the transmitted signal

Details

The power of the transmitted signal of the type coupler Coupler symmetrical or Coupler antisymmetrical It is defined as a real scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Select component: meaning Coupler symmetrical or Coupler antisymmetrical.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

alpha
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes

# Reference impedances, Ohm — the calculated total resistance of the coupler

Details

The calculated impedance of the coupler is set as a scalar or a three-component vector.

If the resistances of all ports are not equal, then the model is inside the block. Coupler (CE) normalizes to 50 Om.
Default value

50.0
Program usage name

z0
Tunable

No
Evaluatable

Yes