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"99瓶啤酒"算法

这个例子考察了Julia中经典的"99瓶啤酒"算法的实现，该算法输出一个瓶子数量减少的文本歌曲。

导言

什么是"99瓶啤酒"算法？

"99瓶啤酒"算法是编程中一个流行的学习任务，它包括输出一首着名的儿童歌曲的文本，瓶子数量减少。 这首歌的每一节都用不同数量的瓶子重复，从99开始，以1结束。 此任务用于演示各种编程语言中的循环、字符串操作和格式化输出。

源代码

让我们看看Julia程序的源代码，它实现了"99瓶啤酒"算法:

In [ ]: 
# Цикл от 99 до 1 с шагом -1 (обратный отсчет)
for i = 99:-1:1 
    # Выводим куплет песни с текущим числом бутылок
    print("\n$i bottles of beer on the wall\n$i bottles of beer\nTake one down, pass it around\n$(i-1) bottles of beer on the wall\n") 
end

99 bottles of beer on the wall
99 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
98 bottles of beer on the wall

98 bottles of beer on the wall
98 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
97 bottles of beer on the wall

97 bottles of beer on the wall
97 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
96 bottles of beer on the wall

96 bottles of beer on the wall
96 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
95 bottles of beer on the wall

95 bottles of beer on the wall
95 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
94 bottles of beer on the wall

94 bottles of beer on the wall
94 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
93 bottles of beer on the wall

93 bottles of beer on the wall
93 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
92 bottles of beer on the wall

92 bottles of beer on the wall
92 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
91 bottles of beer on the wall

91 bottles of beer on the wall
91 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
90 bottles of beer on the wall

90 bottles of beer on the wall
90 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
89 bottles of beer on the wall

89 bottles of beer on the wall
89 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
88 bottles of beer on the wall

88 bottles of beer on the wall
88 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
87 bottles of beer on the wall

87 bottles of beer on the wall
87 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
86 bottles of beer on the wall

86 bottles of beer on the wall
86 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
85 bottles of beer on the wall

85 bottles of beer on the wall
85 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
84 bottles of beer on the wall

84 bottles of beer on the wall
84 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
83 bottles of beer on the wall

83 bottles of beer on the wall
83 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
82 bottles of beer on the wall

82 bottles of beer on the wall
82 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
81 bottles of beer on the wall

81 bottles of beer on the wall
81 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
80 bottles of beer on the wall

80 bottles of beer on the wall
80 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
79 bottles of beer on the wall

79 bottles of beer on the wall
79 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
78 bottles of beer on the wall

78 bottles of beer on the wall
78 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
77 bottles of beer on the wall

77 bottles of beer on the wall
77 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
76 bottles of beer on the wall

76 bottles of beer on the wall
76 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
75 bottles of beer on the wall

75 bottles of beer on the wall
75 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
74 bottles of beer on the wall

74 bottles of beer on the wall
74 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
73 bottles of beer on the wall

73 bottles of beer on the wall
73 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
72 bottles of beer on the wall

72 bottles of beer on the wall
72 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
71 bottles of beer on the wall

71 bottles of beer on the wall
71 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
70 bottles of beer on the wall

70 bottles of beer on the wall
70 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
69 bottles of beer on the wall

69 bottles of beer on the wall
69 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
68 bottles of beer on the wall

68 bottles of beer on the wall
68 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
67 bottles of beer on the wall

67 bottles of beer on the wall
67 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
66 bottles of beer on the wall

66 bottles of beer on the wall
66 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
65 bottles of beer on the wall

65 bottles of beer on the wall
65 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
64 bottles of beer on the wall

64 bottles of beer on the wall
64 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
63 bottles of beer on the wall

63 bottles of beer on the wall
63 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
62 bottles of beer on the wall

62 bottles of beer on the wall
62 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
61 bottles of beer on the wall

61 bottles of beer on the wall
61 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
60 bottles of beer on the wall

60 bottles of beer on the wall
60 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
59 bottles of beer on the wall

59 bottles of beer on the wall
59 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
58 bottles of beer on the wall

58 bottles of beer on the wall
58 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
57 bottles of beer on the wall

57 bottles of beer on the wall
57 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
56 bottles of beer on the wall

56 bottles of beer on the wall
56 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
55 bottles of beer on the wall

55 bottles of beer on the wall
55 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
54 bottles of beer on the wall

54 bottles of beer on the wall
54 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
53 bottles of beer on the wall

53 bottles of beer on the wall
53 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
52 bottles of beer on the wall

52 bottles of beer on the wall
52 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
51 bottles of beer on the wall

51 bottles of beer on the wall
51 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
50 bottles of beer on the wall

50 bottles of beer on the wall
50 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
49 bottles of beer on the wall

49 bottles of beer on the wall
49 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
48 bottles of beer on the wall

48 bottles of beer on the wall
48 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
47 bottles of beer on the wall

47 bottles of beer on the wall
47 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
46 bottles of beer on the wall

46 bottles of beer on the wall
46 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
45 bottles of beer on the wall

45 bottles of beer on the wall
45 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
44 bottles of beer on the wall

44 bottles of beer on the wall
44 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
43 bottles of beer on the wall

43 bottles of beer on the wall
43 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
42 bottles of beer on the wall

42 bottles of beer on the wall
42 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
41 bottles of beer on the wall

41 bottles of beer on the wall
41 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
40 bottles of beer on the wall

40 bottles of beer on the wall
40 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
39 bottles of beer on the wall

39 bottles of beer on the wall
39 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
38 bottles of beer on the wall

38 bottles of beer on the wall
38 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
37 bottles of beer on the wall

37 bottles of beer on the wall
37 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
36 bottles of beer on the wall

36 bottles of beer on the wall
36 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
35 bottles of beer on the wall

35 bottles of beer on the wall
35 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
34 bottles of beer on the wall

34 bottles of beer on the wall
34 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
33 bottles of beer on the wall

33 bottles of beer on the wall
33 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
32 bottles of beer on the wall

32 bottles of beer on the wall
32 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
31 bottles of beer on the wall

31 bottles of beer on the wall
31 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
30 bottles of beer on the wall

30 bottles of beer on the wall
30 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
29 bottles of beer on the wall

29 bottles of beer on the wall
29 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
28 bottles of beer on the wall

28 bottles of beer on the wall
28 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
27 bottles of beer on the wall

27 bottles of beer on the wall
27 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
26 bottles of beer on the wall

26 bottles of beer on the wall
26 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
25 bottles of beer on the wall

25 bottles of beer on the wall
25 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
24 bottles of beer on the wall

24 bottles of beer on the wall
24 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
23 bottles of beer on the wall

23 bottles of beer on the wall
23 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
22 bottles of beer on the wall

22 bottles of beer on the wall
22 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
21 bottles of beer on the wall

21 bottles of beer on the wall
21 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
20 bottles of beer on the wall

20 bottles of beer on the wall
20 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
19 bottles of beer on the wall

19 bottles of beer on the wall
19 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
18 bottles of beer on the wall

18 bottles of beer on the wall
18 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
17 bottles of beer on the wall

17 bottles of beer on the wall
17 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
16 bottles of beer on the wall

16 bottles of beer on the wall
16 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
15 bottles of beer on the wall

15 bottles of beer on the wall
15 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
14 bottles of beer on the wall

14 bottles of beer on the wall
14 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
13 bottles of beer on the wall

13 bottles of beer on the wall
13 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
12 bottles of beer on the wall

12 bottles of beer on the wall
12 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
11 bottles of beer on the wall

11 bottles of beer on the wall
11 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
10 bottles of beer on the wall

10 bottles of beer on the wall
10 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
9 bottles of beer on the wall

9 bottles of beer on the wall
9 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
8 bottles of beer on the wall

8 bottles of beer on the wall
8 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
7 bottles of beer on the wall

7 bottles of beer on the wall
7 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
6 bottles of beer on the wall

6 bottles of beer on the wall
6 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
5 bottles of beer on the wall

5 bottles of beer on the wall
5 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
4 bottles of beer on the wall

4 bottles of beer on the wall
4 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
3 bottles of beer on the wall

3 bottles of beer on the wall
3 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
2 bottles of beer on the wall

2 bottles of beer on the wall
2 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
1 bottles of beer on the wall

1 bottles of beer on the wall
1 bottles of beer
Take one down, pass it around
0 bottles of beer on the wall

分析代码的工作原理

周期 for i = 99:-1:1 表示变量 i 它将以-1的增量从99取值到1（即在每个步骤中减少一个）。 在使用函数的循环体中 print() 歌曲的诗句形成并显示。 使用字符串插值 $i \text{и} $(i-1) 替换变量的当前值和下一个值 i.

实现功能

在本实施:

-递减计数器周期用于模拟倒计时。
-字符串插值用于动态地将数字插入到文本中。
-每节经文使用转义字符在一行中输出。 \n.

结论

在这个例子中，我们研究了Julia语言中经典算法"99瓶啤酒"的实现。 我们设法创建了一个程序，输出一个文本歌曲与减少瓶数使用循环和字符串插值。 这是演示Julia语言处理循环、字符串和格式化输出的基本功能所必需的。

该示例是使用[Rosetta代码]的材料开发的（https://rosettacode.org/wiki/99_bottles_of_beer ）