N-Channel IGBT

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N-channel insulated gate bipolar transistor.

blockType: AcausalElectricPowerSystems.Semiconductors.IGBT

Path in the library:

/Physical Modeling/Electrical/Semiconductors & Converters/N-Channel IGBT

Description

The N-Channel IGBT block simulates an Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

The modelling uses the open state volt-ampere characteristic as a function of collector-emitter voltage. In the closed state (when the gate-emitter voltage is less than the threshold voltage), the IGBT is modelled by a constant Off-state conductance. This simplified model is suitable when approximate dynamic characteristics are sufficient and simulation speed is paramount.

Thermal effects can also be modelled in the block by selecting the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Thermal port

The block has an optional thermal port hidden by default. To use the H thermal port, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Use the thermal port to simulate the effects of generated heat and unit temperature.

Assumptions and limitations

The model used in the unit is based on the following assumptions:

If a pair of IGBTs in a bridge arm is used, typically the gate drive circuitry does not allow one device to turn on until the corresponding device turns off, thus realising a minimum deadband.
The minimum pulse width is applied at either switch-on or switch-off. At the point where the gate-collector voltage rises above a threshold value, any subsequent changes in gate voltage are ignored for a time equal to the sum of the turn-on delay and current rise time. Similarly, at the point where the gate-collector voltage falls below the threshold value, any subsequent changes in gate voltage are ignored for a time equal to the sum of the turn-off delay and the current decay time. This feature is typically implemented in a gate drive circuit.
In this model, charge is not taken into account. Therefore, there is no current tail when the inductive load is switched off.
Representative modelling of current ejection when switching on an inductive load with an existing free oscillation current requires setting the Miller resistance parameter.
The turn-on loss tables use the previous turn-on current rather than the current value (which is unknown until the device reaches the final turn-on state).
Due to the high model stiffness that can result from simplifying the equations, it is possible to get a warning about violating the minimum step size when using this block. To avoid this, adjust the solver properties.
If several N-channel IGBTs are to be modelled in parallel, use one N-Channel IGBT block and multiply the value of the Vector of collector currents, Ic by the number of IGBT devices to be modelled in parallel, this approach is due to the peculiarities of the collector-emitter voltage calculation in this block.

Ports

Conserving

# G — shutter
electricity

Details

The port associated with the gate.

Program usage name

gate

# C — collector
electricity

Details

Port associated with the collector.

Program usage name

collector

# E — emitter
electricity

Details

A port associated with an emitter.

Program usage name

emitter

# H — heat port
heat

Details

Heat port.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Program usage name

thermal_port

Parameters

Main

Details

The temperature values at which the losses on the collector-emitter and on/off are determined.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[298.15, 398.15] K`
Program usage name	`T_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of collector currents, Ic — vector of collector currents
A | pA | nA | uA | mA | kA | MA

Details

Collector current, for which collector-emitter voltages are determined in the open state. The first element must be null.

To simulate multiple N-channel IGBTs in parallel, use one N-Channel IGBT block and multiply the value of this parameter by the number of IGBT devices that need to be simulated in parallel.

Units	`A` \| `pA` \| `nA` \| `uA` \| `mA` \| `kA` \| `MA`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0] A`
Program usage name	`I_c_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Corresponding on-state collector-emitter voltages — corresponding collector-emitter voltages in the open state
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

Collector-emitter voltages corresponding to the vector of collector currents. The first element must be null.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck Enable thermal port.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.45, 1.75, 2.25, 2.7] V`
Program usage name	`V_ce_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Collector-emitter on-state voltages, Vce=fcn(Tj,Ic) — collector-emitter voltage matrix in the open state
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The collector-emitter voltage in the open state, defined as a tabular function of temperature and current.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`[0.0 1.1 1.3 1.45 1.75 2.25 2.7; 0.0 1.0 1.15 1.35 1.7 2.35 3.0] V`
Program usage name	`V_ce_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Miller resistance — Miller’s resistance
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

When the device is turned on, it has a Miller resistance constant in magnitude, connected in series with the required voltage rise. This resistance represents a partial conduction path through the device during power-on and can be used to match the voltage surge observed when reconnecting the conductive inductor and the corresponding reverse circuit diode. A typical value is 10-50 times the effective resistance in the open state.

Units	`Ohm` \| `mOhm` \| `kOhm` \| `MOhm` \| `GOhm`
Default value	`0.1 Ohm`
Program usage name	`R_miller`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state conductance — closed state conductivity
S | nS | uS | mS | 1/Ohm

Details

Conductivity when the device is in a closed state.

Units	`S` \| `nS` \| `uS` \| `mS` \| `1/Ohm`
Default value	`1e-5 1/Ohm`
Program usage name	`G_off`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Gate-emitter threshold voltage, Vge(th) — Threshold voltage
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The gate-emitter voltage must be greater than this value in order for the device to turn on.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`6.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_threshold`
Evaluatable	Yes

Switching Losses

Details

Temperatures at which switching losses are tabulated.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[298.15, 398.15] K`
Program usage name	`T_losses_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of collector currents for switching losses, Ic — vector of collector currents with switching losses
A | pA | nA | uA | mA | kA | MA

Details

Collector current, at which switching losses are tabulated.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`A` \| `pA` \| `nA` \| `uA` \| `mA` \| `kA` \| `MA`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0] A`
Program usage name	`I_c_losses_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-on switching losses, Eon=fcn(Tj,Ic) — the matrix of energy losses when switching on
J | mJ | kJ | MJ | mW*hr | W*hr | kW*hr | MW*hr | eV | cal | kcal | Btu_IT

Details

Energy loss when the device is switched on, defined as a function of temperature and the final switching current.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`J` \| `mJ` \| `kJ` \| `MJ` \| `mWhr` \| `Whr` \| `kWhr` \| `MWhr` \| `eV` \| `cal` \| `kcal` \| `Btu_IT`
Default value	`[0.0 0.2 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 15.0; 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.5 5.0 11.0 18.0].*1e-3 J`
Program usage name	`E_turn_on_losses_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-off switching losses, Eoff=fcn(Tj,Ic) — the matrix of energy losses during shutdown
J | mJ | kJ | MJ | mW*hr | W*hr | kW*hr | MW*hr | eV | cal | kcal | Btu_IT

Details

Energy loss when the device is turned off, defined as a function of temperature and the final switching current.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`J` \| `mJ` \| `kJ` \| `MJ` \| `mWhr` \| `Whr` \| `kWhr` \| `MWhr` \| `eV` \| `cal` \| `kcal` \| `Btu_IT`
Default value	`[0.0 0.3 1.5 3.0 6.0 15.0 25.0; 0.0 0.7 3.3 6.5 13.0 25.0 35.0].*1e-3 J`
Program usage name	`E_turn_off_losses_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

Dynamics

# Turn-on delay — power-on delay
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time before the device starts turning on.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.07 us`
Program usage name	`t_D_on`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Current rise time — current rise time
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time it takes for the current to rise when controlling the active load.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.7 us`
Program usage name	`t_R`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-off delay — shutdown delay
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time before the device starts shutting down.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.2 us`
Program usage name	`t_D_off`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Current fall time — current recession time
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time required to reduce the current when controlling the active load.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.5 us`
Program usage name	`t_F`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state voltage for rise and fall times — closed voltage for rise and fall time
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The collector-emitter voltage in the closed state, used when setting the rise and fall time.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck Enable thermal port.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`300.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_measurement`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state voltage for timing and losses data — closed voltage for rise and fall time
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The collector-emitter voltage in the closed state, used for setting the rise, fall, and loss data.

Dependencies

To use this option, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`300.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_measurement_T`
Evaluatable	Yes

Thermal Port

# Enable thermal port — turning on the heat port

Details

To enable the simulation of thermal effects, select the checkbox for this option.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`has_thermal_port`
Evaluatable	No

# Thermal network — choosing an internal thermal model
Specify junction and case thermal parameters | Cauer model | Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients | External

Details

Choose an internal thermal model:

Specify junction and case thermal parameters;
Cauer model;
Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients;
External.

Values	`Specify junction and case thermal parameters` \| `Cauer model` \| `Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients` \| `External`
Default value	`Specify junction and case thermal parameters`
Program usage name	`thermal_network_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Junction-case and case-ambient (or case-heatsink) thermal resistances, [R_JC R_CA] — the vector of thermal resistances
K/W

Details

Vector [R_JC, R_CA] of the two values of thermal resistance. The first value R_JC — this is the thermal resistance between the junction and the housing. The second value, R_CA — this is the thermal resistance between the H port and the device body.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters.

Units	`K/W`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal resistances, [R1 R2 ... Rn] — the vector of thermal resistances for the Kauer model
K/W

Details

Vector from the values of the thermal resistances represented by the Kauer elements in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model.

Units	`K/W`
Default value	`[1.0, 3.0, 10.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal resistances, [R1 R2 ... Rn] — the vector of thermal resistances for the Foster model
K/W

Details

Vector from the values of thermal resistances represented by the coefficients of the Foster model in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients.

Units	`K/W`
Default value	`[4.0, 6.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal mass parameterization — parameterization of heat capacity
By thermal time constants | By thermal mass

Details

Choose a method for setting the heat capacity:

By thermal time constants — parameterization of heat capacity in terms of thermal time constants. This value is used by default.
By thermal mass — setting the heat capacity values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters, Cauer model or Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients.

Values	`By thermal time constants` \| `By thermal mass`
Default value	`By thermal time constants`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Junction and case thermal masses, [M_J M_C] — vector of heat capacity values for the Kauer model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

Vector [M_J, M_C] of the two values of the heat capacity. The first value M_J — this is the heat capacity of the transition. The second value, M_C — this is the heat capacity of the case.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization the value By thermal mass.

Units	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal masses, [M1 M2 ... Mn] — vector of heat capacity values for the Kauer model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

Vector from values of heat capacities, where this is the number of coefficients of the Kauer model in the heat network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization the value By thermal mass.

Units	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.3, 1.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal masses, [M1 M2 ... Mn] — the vector of heat capacity values for the Foster model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

Vector from values of heat capacities, where this is the number of Foster elements in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization the value By thermal mass.

Units	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[1.5, 3.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Junction and case thermal time constants, [t_J t_C] — vector of thermal time constants
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector [t_J, t_C] of the two values of the thermal time constants. The first value t_J — this is the thermal constant of the transition time. The second value, t_C — this is the thermal time constant of the hull.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization the value By thermal time constants.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal time constants, [t1 t2 ... tn] — vector of thermal time constants for the Kauer model
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector from values of thermal time constants, where this is the number of Kauer elements in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

The value of the heat capacity is calculated as , where , and — heat capacity, thermal time constant and thermal resistance for - the go element of the Cowera.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization the value By thermal time constants.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`[1.0, 3.0, 10.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal time constants, [t1 t2 ... tn] — the vector of thermal time constants for the Foster model
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector from values of thermal time constants, where this is the number of coefficients of the Foster model in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

The value of the heat capacity is calculated as , where , and — heat capacity, thermal time constant and thermal resistance for - the go element of the Cowera.

Dependencies

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`[6.0, 18.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

Vector [T_J, T_C] of the two temperature values. The first value T_J — this is the initial temperature of the transition. The second value, T_C — this is the initial temperature of the case.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

The vector of temperature values. It corresponds to the temperature difference for each heat capacity in the model.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_cauer_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

The vector of absolute temperature values of each element of the Foster model.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_foster_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes