N-Channel IGBT

An N-channel bipolar transistor with an isolated gate.

blockType: AcausalElectricPowerSystems.Semiconductors.IGBT

Path in the library:

/Physical Modeling/Electrical/Semiconductors & Converters/N-Channel IGBT

Description

Block N-Channel IGBT simulates a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT).

The simulation uses the voltage-ampere characteristic in the open state as a function of the collector-emitter voltage. In the closed state (when the gate-emitter voltage is less than the threshold voltage), the IGBT is simulated by a constant Off-state conductance. This simplified model is suitable when approximate dynamic characteristics are sufficient, and simulation speed is of paramount importance. For more information, see Event-based IGBT Simulation Mode.

Thermal effects can also be modeled in the block. To do this, select the checkbox Enable thermal port.

Event-based IGBT Simulation Mode

Use the event-based simulation mode when the analysis is aimed at understanding the overall behavior of the circuit, rather than checking the exact timing characteristics or IGBT losses.

The device is always in one of the following four states:

Turned off;
Enabling it;
Enabled;
Shutdown.

In the off state, the ratio between the collector current and the collector-emitter voltage defined as follows:

In the switched-on state, the ratio between the collector current and the collector-emitter voltage the following:

When switched on, the collector-emitter voltage gradually decreases to zero during the rise, the device switches to the on state when the voltage drops below the table value in the on state. Similarly, when switching off, the collector-emitter voltage rises smoothly during the decay (current) to the set value of the blocking voltage.

The following figure shows the resulting voltage and current profiles when a resistive load is connected.

n channel igbt 1

Thermal port

The unit has an additional thermal port, hidden by default. To use the thermal port H, check the box Enable thermal port.

Use the thermal port to simulate the effects of generated heat and device temperature.

Assumptions and limitations

The model used in the block is based on the following assumptions:

If a pair of IGBTs is used in the bridge arm, then usually the gate actuator circuit does not allow one device to be turned on until the corresponding device is turned off, thereby realizing a minimum dead zone.
When switching on or off, the minimum pulse width is applied. At the moment when the gate-collector voltage rises above the threshold value, any subsequent changes in the gate voltage are ignored for a time equal to the sum of the switch-on delay and the current rise time. Similarly, at the point where the gate-collector voltage drops below a threshold value, any subsequent changes in the gate voltage are ignored for a time equal to the sum of the shutdown delay and the current decay time. This function is usually implemented in the gate drive circuit.
This model does not take into account the charge. Therefore, when the inductive load is turned off, there is no current tail.
Representative modeling of the current surge when an inductive load is switched on with an already existing free oscillation current requires parameter adjustment Miller resistance.
The power-on loss tables use the current of the previous power-on, not the current value (which is unknown until the device reaches the final power-on state).
Due to the high rigidity of the model, which may arise due to the simplification of equations, when using this block, you can get a warning about violation of the minimum step size. To avoid this, adjust the solver properties.
If you need to simulate several N-channel IGBTs in parallel, then use one N-Channel IGBT block and multiply the parameter value Vector of collector currents, Ic Based on the number of IGBT devices that need to be simulated in parallel, this approach is related to the peculiarities of calculating the collector-emitter voltage in this unit.

Ports

Conserving

# G — the shutter
electricity

Details

The port connected to the gate.

Program usage name

gate

# C — collector
electricity

Details

The port connected to the collector.

Program usage name

collector

# E — The emitter
electricity

Details

The port associated with the emitter.

Program usage name

emitter

# H — thermal port
warm

Details

The thermal port.

Dependencies

To use this port, check the box Enable thermal port.

Program usage name

thermal_port

Parameters

Thermal Port

# Thermal resistances, [R1, R2, ..., Rn] — the vector of thermal resistances for the Kauer model
K/W

Details

Vector from the values of the thermal resistances represented by the Kauer elements in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model.

Units	`K/W`
Default value	`[1.0, 3.0, 10.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal resistances, [R1, R2, ..., Rn] — the vector of thermal resistances for the Foster model
K/W

Details

Vector from the values of thermal resistances represented by the coefficients of the Foster model in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients.

Units	`K/W`
Default value	`[4.0, 6.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal masses, [M1, M2, ..., Mn] — vector of heat capacity values for the Kauer model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

Vector from values of heat capacities, where this is the number of coefficients of the Kauer model in the heat network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization meaning By thermal mass.

Units	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.3, 1.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal masses, [M1, M2, ..., Mn] — the vector of heat capacity values for the Foster model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

Vector from values of heat capacities, where this is the number of Foster elements in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization meaning By thermal mass.

Units	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[1.5, 3.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal time constants, [t1, t2, ..., tn] — vector of thermal time constants for the Kauer model
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector from values of thermal time constants, where this is the number of Kauer elements in the heating network. All these values must be greater than zero.

The value of the heat capacity is calculated as , where , and — heat capacity, thermal time constant and thermal resistance for - the go element of the Cowera.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization meaning By thermal time constants.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`[1.0, 3.0, 10.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal time constants, [t1, t2, ..., tn] — the vector of thermal time constants for the Foster model
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector from values of thermal time constants, where this is the number of coefficients of the Foster model in the heat network. All these values must be greater than zero.

The value of the heat capacity is calculated as , where , and — heat capacity, thermal time constant and thermal resistance for - the go element of the Cowera.

Dependencies

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`[6.0, 18.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Enable thermal port — turning on the heat port

Details

To enable the simulation of thermal effects, select the checkbox for this option.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`has_thermal_port`
Evaluatable	No

# Thermal network — choosing an internal thermal model
Specify junction and case thermal parameters | Cauer model | Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients | External

Details

Choose an internal thermal model:

Specify junction and case thermal parameters;
Cauer model;
Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients;
External.

Values	`Specify junction and case thermal parameters` \| `Cauer model` \| `Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients` \| `External`
Default value	`Specify junction and case thermal parameters`
Program usage name	`thermal_network_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Junction-case and case-ambient (or case-heatsink) thermal resistances, [R_JC, R_CA] — the vector of thermal resistances
K/W

Details

Vector [R_JC, R_CA] of the two values of thermal resistance. The first value R_JC — this is the thermal resistance between the junction and the housing. The second value, R_CA — this is the thermal resistance between the H port and the device body.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Specify junction and case thermal parameters.

Units	`K/W`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal mass parameterization — parameterization of heat capacity
By thermal time constants | By thermal mass

Details

Choose a method for setting the heat capacity:

By thermal time constants — parameterization of heat capacity in terms of thermal time constants. This value is used by default.
By thermal mass — setting the heat capacity values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Specify junction and case thermal parameters, Cauer model or Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients.

Values	`By thermal time constants` \| `By thermal mass`
Default value	`By thermal time constants`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Junction and case thermal masses, [M_J, M_C] — vector of heat capacity values for the Kauer model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

Vector [M_J, M_C] of the two values of the heat capacity. The first value M_J — this is the heat capacity of the transition. The second value, M_C — this is the heat capacity of the case.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Specify junction and case thermal parameters, and for the parameter Thermal mass parameterization meaning By thermal mass.

Units	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Junction and case thermal time constants, [t_J, t_C] — vector of thermal time constants
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector [t_J, t_C] of the two values of the thermal time constants. The first value t_J — this is the thermal constant of the transition time. The second value, t_C — this is the thermal time constant of the hull.

Dependencies

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

Vector [T_J, T_C] of the two temperature values. The first value T_J — this is the initial temperature of the transition. The second value, T_C — this is the initial temperature of the case.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Specify junction and case thermal parameters.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

The vector of temperature values. It corresponds to the temperature difference for each heat capacity in the model.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_cauer_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

The vector of absolute temperature values of each element of the Foster model.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Thermal network meaning Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_foster_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Main

Details

The temperature values at which the losses on the collector-emitter and on/off are determined.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[298.15, 398.15] K`
Program usage name	`T_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of collector currents, Ic — vector of collector currents
A | pA | nA | uA | mA | kA | MA

Details

Collector current, for which collector-emitter voltages are determined in the open state. The first element must be null.

To simulate multiple N-channel IGBTs in parallel, use a single block N-Channel IGBT and multiply the value of this parameter by the number of IGBT devices that need to be simulated in parallel.

Units	`A` \| `pA` \| `nA` \| `uA` \| `mA` \| `kA` \| `MA`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0] A`
Program usage name	`I_c_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Corresponding on-state collector-emitter voltages — corresponding collector-emitter voltages in the open state
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

Collector-emitter voltages corresponding to the vector of collector currents. The first element must be null.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Enable thermal port.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.45, 1.75, 2.25, 2.7] V`
Program usage name	`V_ce_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Collector-emitter on-state voltages, Vce=fcn(Tj,Ic) — collector-emitter voltage matrix in the open state
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

Collector-emitter voltage in the open state, defined as a tabular function of temperature and current.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`[0.0 1.1 1.3 1.45 1.75 2.25 2.7; 0.0 1.0 1.15 1.35 1.7 2.35 3.0] V`
Program usage name	`V_ce_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Miller resistance — Miller’s resistance
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

When the device is turned on, it has a Miller resistance constant in magnitude, connected in series with the required voltage rise. This resistance represents a partial conduction path through the device during power-on and can be used to match the voltage surge observed when reconnecting the conductive inductor and the corresponding reverse circuit diode. A typical value is 10-50 times the effective resistance in the open state.

Units	`Ohm` \| `mOhm` \| `kOhm` \| `MOhm` \| `GOhm`
Default value	`0.1 Ohm`
Program usage name	`R_miller`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state conductance — closed state conductivity
S | nS | uS | mS | 1/Ohm

Details

Conductivity when the device is in a closed state.

Units	`S` \| `nS` \| `uS` \| `mS` \| `1/Ohm`
Default value	`1e-5 1/Ohm`
Program usage name	`G_off`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Gate-emitter threshold voltage, Vge(th) — Threshold voltage
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The gate-emitter voltage must be greater than this value in order for the device to turn on.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`6.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_threshold`
Evaluatable	Yes

Switching Losses

Details

Temperatures at which switching losses are tabulated.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[298.15, 398.15] K`
Program usage name	`T_losses_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of collector currents for switching losses, Ic — vector of collector currents with switching losses
A | pA | nA | uA | mA | kA | MA

Details

Collector current, at which switching losses are tabulated.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`A` \| `pA` \| `nA` \| `uA` \| `mA` \| `kA` \| `MA`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0] A`
Program usage name	`I_c_losses_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-on switching losses, Eon=fcn(Tj,Ic) — the matrix of energy losses when switching on
J | mJ | kJ | MJ | mW*hr | W*hr | kW*hr | MW*hr | eV | cal | kcal | Btu_IT

Details

Energy loss when the device is switched on, defined as a function of temperature and the final switching current.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`J` \| `mJ` \| `kJ` \| `MJ` \| `mWhr` \| `Whr` \| `kWhr` \| `MWhr` \| `eV` \| `cal` \| `kcal` \| `Btu_IT`
Default value	`[0.0 0.2 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 15.0; 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.5 5.0 11.0 18.0].*1e-3 J`
Program usage name	`E_turn_on_losses_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-off switching losses, Eoff=fcn(Tj,Ic) — the matrix of energy losses during shutdown
J | mJ | kJ | MJ | mW*hr | W*hr | kW*hr | MW*hr | eV | cal | kcal | Btu_IT

Details

Energy loss when the device is turned off, defined as a function of temperature and the final switching current.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`J` \| `mJ` \| `kJ` \| `MJ` \| `mWhr` \| `Whr` \| `kWhr` \| `MWhr` \| `eV` \| `cal` \| `kcal` \| `Btu_IT`
Default value	`[0.0 0.3 1.5 3.0 6.0 15.0 25.0; 0.0 0.7 3.3 6.5 13.0 25.0 35.0].*1e-3 J`
Program usage name	`E_turn_off_losses_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

Dynamics

# Turn-on delay — power-on delay
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time before the device starts turning on.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.07 us`
Program usage name	`t_D_on`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Current rise time — current rise time
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time it takes for the current to rise when controlling the active load.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.7 us`
Program usage name	`t_R`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-off delay — shutdown delay
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time before the device starts shutting down.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.2 us`
Program usage name	`t_D_off`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Current fall time — current recession time
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time required to reduce the current when controlling the active load.

Units	`s` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `ms` \| `min` \| `hr` \| `d`
Default value	`0.5 us`
Program usage name	`t_F`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state voltage for rise and fall times — closed voltage for rise and fall time
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The collector-emitter voltage in the closed state, used when setting the rise and fall time.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Enable thermal port.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`300.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_measurement`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state voltage for timing and losses data — closed voltage for rise and fall time
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The collector-emitter voltage in the closed state, used for setting the rise, fall, and loss data.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units	`V` \| `uV` \| `mV` \| `kV` \| `MV`
Default value	`300.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_measurement_T`
Evaluatable	Yes