N-Channel IGBT

Page in progress.

N-channel insulated gate bipolar transistor.

n channel igbt

Description

The N-Channel IGBT block simulates an Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).

The modelling uses the open state volt-ampere characteristic as a function of collector-emitter voltage. In the closed state (when the gate-emitter voltage is less than the threshold voltage), the IGBT is modelled by a constant Off-state conductance. This simplified model is suitable when approximate dynamic characteristics are sufficient and simulation speed is paramount.

Thermal effects can also be modelled in the block by selecting the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Thermal port

The block has an optional thermal port hidden by default. To use the H thermal port, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Use the thermal port to simulate the effects of generated heat and unit temperature.

Assumptions and limitations

The model used in the unit is based on the following assumptions:

If a pair of IGBTs in a bridge arm is used, typically the gate drive circuitry does not allow one device to turn on until the corresponding device turns off, thus realising a minimum deadband.
The minimum pulse width is applied at either switch-on or switch-off. At the point where the gate-collector voltage rises above a threshold value, any subsequent changes in gate voltage are ignored for a time equal to the sum of the turn-on delay and current rise time. Similarly, at the point where the gate-collector voltage falls below the threshold value, any subsequent changes in gate voltage are ignored for a time equal to the sum of the turn-off delay and the current decay time. This feature is typically implemented in a gate drive circuit.
In this model, charge is not taken into account. Therefore, there is no current tail when the inductive load is switched off.
Representative modelling of current ejection when switching on an inductive load with an existing free oscillation current requires setting the Miller resistance parameter.
The turn-on loss tables use the previous turn-on current rather than the current value (which is unknown until the device reaches the final turn-on state).
Due to the high model stiffness that can result from simplifying the equations, it is possible to get a warning about violating the minimum step size when using this block. To avoid this, adjust the solver properties.
If several N-channel IGBTs are to be modelled in parallel, use one N-Channel IGBT block and multiply the value of the Vector of collector currents, Ic by the number of IGBT devices to be modelled in parallel, this approach is due to the peculiarities of the collector-emitter voltage calculation in this block.

Ports

Conserving

# G — shutter
electricity

Details

The port associated with the gate.

Program usage name

gate

# C — collector
electricity

Details

Port associated with the collector.

Program usage name

collector

# E — emitter
electricity

Details

A port associated with an emitter.

Program usage name

emitter

# H — heat port
heat

Details

Heat port.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Program usage name

thermal_port

Parameters

Main

Details

Temperature values at which collector-emitter and on/off losses are determined.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[298.15, 398.15] K`
Program usage name	`T_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of collector currents, Ic — collector current vector
A | MA | kA | mA | nA | pA | uA

Details

Collector current for which the collector-emitter voltages in the open state are determined. The first element must be zero.

To model multiple N-Channel IGBTs in parallel, use a single N-Channel IGBT unit and multiply the value of this parameter by the number of IGBT devices to be modelled in parallel.

Values	`A` \| `MA` \| `kA` \| `mA` \| `nA` \| `pA` \| `uA`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0] A`
Program usage name	`I_c_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Corresponding on-state collector-emitter voltages — corresponding collector-emitter voltages in the open state
V | MV | kV | mV

Details

Collector-emitter voltages corresponding to the collector current vector. The first element must be zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, uncheck Enable thermal port.

Values	`V` \| `MV` \| `kV` \| `mV`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.45, 1.75, 2.25, 2.7] V`
Program usage name	`V_ce_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Collector-emitter on-state voltages, Vce=fcn(Tj,Ic) — open collector-emitter voltage matrix
V | MV | kV | mV

Details

Collector-emitter open state voltage defined as a tabulated function of temperature and current.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`V` \| `MV` \| `kV` \| `mV`
Default value	`[0.0 1.1 1.3 1.45 1.75 2.25 2.7; 0.0 1.0 1.15 1.35 1.7 2.35 3.0] V`
Program usage name	`V_ce_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Miller resistance — Miller resistance
Ohm | GOhm | MOhm | kOhm | mOhm

Details

When the device is switched on, it has a constant magnitude Miller resistance connected in series with the desired voltage rise. This resistance represents the path of partial conduction through the device during switch-on and can be used to match the voltage spike seen when the conductive inductor and associated reverse circuit diode are reconnected. A typical value is 10-50 times the effective resistance in the open state.

Values	`Ohm` \| `GOhm` \| `MOhm` \| `kOhm` \| `mOhm`
Default value	`0.1 Ohm`
Program usage name	`R_miller`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state conductance — closed conductivity
S | mS | nS | uS | 1/Ohm

Details

Conductivity when the device is in the closed state.

Values	`S` \| `mS` \| `nS` \| `uS` \| `1/Ohm`
Default value	`1e-5 1/Ohm`
Program usage name	`G_off`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Gate-emitter threshold voltage, Vge(th) — threshold voltage
V | MV | kV | mV

Details

The gate-emitter voltage must be greater than this value for the device to switch on.

Values	`V` \| `MV` \| `kV` \| `mV`
Default value	`6.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_threshold`
Evaluatable	Yes

Switching Losses

Details

Temperatures at which switching losses are tabulated.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[298.15, 398.15] K`
Program usage name	`T_losses_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Vector of collector currents for switching losses, Ic — vector of collector currents with switching losses
A | MA | kA | mA | nA | pA | uA

Details

Collector current at which the switching losses are tabulated.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`A` \| `MA` \| `kA` \| `mA` \| `nA` \| `pA` \| `uA`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0] A`
Program usage name	`I_c_losses_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-on switching losses, Eon=fcn(Tj,Ic) — switching energy loss matrix
Btu_IT | J | MJ | MWh | Wh | eV | kJ | kWh | mJ | mWh

Details

The power-on energy loss of a device, defined as a function of temperature and final switch-on current.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`Btu_IT` \| `J` \| `MJ` \| `MWh` \| `Wh` \| `eV` \| `kJ` \| `kWh` \| `mJ` \| `mWh`
Default value	`[0.0 0.2 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 15.0; 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.5 5.0 11.0 18.0].*1e-3 J`
Program usage name	`E_turn_on_losses_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-off switching losses, Eoff=fcn(Tj,Ic) — shutdown energy loss matrix
Btu_IT | J | MJ | MWh | Wh | eV | kJ | kWh | mJ | mWh

Details

Energy loss when the device is switched off, defined as a function of temperature and final switch-on current.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`Btu_IT` \| `J` \| `MJ` \| `MWh` \| `Wh` \| `eV` \| `kJ` \| `kWh` \| `mJ` \| `mWh`
Default value	`[0.0 0.3 1.5 3.0 6.0 15.0 25.0; 0.0 0.7 3.3 6.5 13.0 25.0 35.0].*1e-3 J`
Program usage name	`E_turn_off_losses_matrix`
Evaluatable	Yes

Dynamics

# Turn-on delay — switch-on delay
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

The time before the device starts switching on.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`0.07 us`
Program usage name	`t_D_on`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Current rise time — current rise time
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

The time required for current rise during active load control.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`0.7 us`
Program usage name	`t_R`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Turn-off delay — switch-off delay
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

The time before the device starts switching off.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`0.2 us`
Program usage name	`t_D_off`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Current fall time — current fall time
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

The time required for the current to decrease during active load control.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`0.5 us`
Program usage name	`t_F`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state voltage for rise and fall times — Closed state voltage for rise and fall times
V | MV | kV | mV

Details

The collector-emitter closed state voltage used in setting the rise and fall times.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, clear the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`V` \| `MV` \| `kV` \| `mV`
Default value	`300.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_measurement`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Off-state voltage for timing and losses data — Closed state voltage for rise and fall times
V | MV | kV | mV

Details

Closed collector-emitter voltage used when specifying rise time, fall time, and loss data.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, select the Enable thermal port checkbox.

Values	`V` \| `MV` \| `kV` \| `mV`
Default value	`300.0 V`
Program usage name	`V_measurement_T`
Evaluatable	Yes

Thermal Port

# Enable thermal port — switching on the heat port

Details

To enable thermal effects modelling, select the checkbox for this option.

Default value	`false (switched off)`
Program usage name	`has_thermal_port`
Evaluatable	No

# Thermal network — selection of an internal thermal model
Specify junction and case thermal parameters | Cauer model | Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients | External

Details

Select the internal thermal model:

Specify junction and case thermal parameters;
Cauer model;
`Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients';
External.

Values	`Specify junction and case thermal parameters` \| `Cauer model` \| `Cauer model parameterized with Foster coefficients` \| `External`
Default value	`Specify junction and case thermal parameters`
Program usage name	`thermal_network_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Junction-case and case-ambient (or case-heatsink) thermal resistances, [R_JC R_CA] — thermal resistance vector
K/W

Details

The [R_JC R_CA] vector of two values of thermal resistance. The first value, R_JC, is the thermal resistance between the junction and the chassis. The second value, R_CA is the thermal resistance between the H port and the device enclosure.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters.

Values	`K/W`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal resistances, [R1 R2 ... Rn] — vector of thermal resistances for the Kauer model
K/W

Details

A vector of values of the thermal resistances represented by the Kauer elements in the thermal network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model.

Values	`K/W`
Default value	`[1.0, 3.0, 10.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal resistances, [R1 R2 ... Rn] — vector of thermal resistances for the Foster model
K/W

Details

A vector of values of thermal resistances represented by the Foster model coefficients in the heat network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Cauer model parameterised with Foster coefficients'.

Values	`K/W`
Default value	`[4.0, 6.0] K/W`
Program usage name	`thermal_resistance_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal mass parameterization — heat capacity parameterization
By thermal time constants | By thermal mass

Details

Select the method for specifying the heat capacity:

By thermal time constants - parameterise the heat capacity in terms of thermal time constants. This value is used by default.
By thermal mass - parameterization of heat capacity values.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters, Cauer model or Cauer model parameterised with Foster coefficients.

Values	`By thermal time constants` \| `By thermal mass`
Default value	`By thermal time constants`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_parameterization`
Evaluatable	No

# Junction and case thermal masses, [M_J M_C] — vector of heat capacity values for the Cowhert model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

The vector [M_J M_C] of two heat capacity values. The first value M_J is the heat capacity of the transition. The second value, M_C, is the heat capacity of the case.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Specify junction and case thermal parameters' and the Thermal mass parameterization parameter to `By thermal mass'.

Values	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[0.0, 1.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal masses, [M1 M2 ... Mn] — vector of heat capacity values for the Kauer model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

A vector of heat capacity values, where is the number of Kauer model coefficients in the heat network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Cauer model' and the Thermal mass parameterization parameter to `By thermal mass'.

Values	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[0.1, 0.3, 1.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal masses, [M1 M2 ... Mn] — vector of heat capacity values for the Foster model
J/K | kJ/K

Details

A vector of heat capacity values, where is the number of Foster elements in the heat network. All these values must be greater than zero.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Cauer model parameterised with Foster coefficients' and the Thermal mass parameterization parameter to `By thermal mass'.

Values	`J/K` \| `kJ/K`
Default value	`[1.5, 3.0] J/K`
Program usage name	`thermal_mass_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Junction and case thermal time constants, [t_J t_C] — vector of thermal time constants
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

A vector [t_J t_C] of two values of thermal time constants. The first value, t_J, is the thermal time constant of the transition. The second value, t_C is the thermal time constant of the body.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters and the Thermal mass parameterization parameter to By thermal time constants.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`[0.0, 10.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal time constants, [t1 t2 ... tn] — vector of thermal time constants for the Kauer model
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

A vector of values of thermal time constants, where is the number of Kauer elements in the thermal network. All these values must be greater than zero.

The heat capacity value is calculated as , where , and are the heat capacity, thermal time constant and thermal resistance for the -th Cauer element.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Cauer model' and the Thermal mass parameterization parameter to `By thermal time constants'.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`[1.0, 3.0, 10.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_cauer_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

# Thermal time constants, [t1 t2 ... tn] — vector of thermal time constants for the Foster model
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

A vector of values of thermal time constants, where is the number of Foster model coefficients in the thermal network. All these values must be greater than zero.

The heat capacity value is calculated as , where , and are the heat capacity, thermal time constant and thermal resistance for the -th Cauer element.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Cauer model parameterised with Foster coefficients' and the Thermal mass parameterization parameter to `By thermal time constants'.

Values	`d` \| `s` \| `hr` \| `ms` \| `ns` \| `us` \| `min`
Default value	`[6.0, 18.0] s`
Program usage name	`thermal_time_constant_foster_vector`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

Vector [T_J T_C] of two temperature values. The first value, T_J, is the initial transition temperature. The second value, T_C is the initial case temperature.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Specify junction and case thermal parameters.

Values	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

A vector of temperature values. It corresponds to the temperature difference for each heat capacity in the model.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to Cauer model.

Values	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_cauer_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes

Details

A vector of absolute temperature values for each element of the Foster model.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Thermal network parameter to `Cauer model parameterised with Foster coefficients'.

Values	`K` \| `degC` \| `degF` \| `degR` \| `deltaK` \| `deltadegC` \| `deltadegF` \| `deltadegR`
Default value	`[25.0, 25.0] degC`
Program usage name	`T_thermal_mass_foster_vector_start`
Evaluatable	Yes