Engee documentation

Torque Converter

Page in progress.

Coupling for viscous fluid between rotating transmission shafts.

blockType: Engee1DMechanical.Transmission.TorqueConverter

torque converter

Path in the library:

/Physical Modeling/1D Mechanical/Couplings & Drives/Torque Converter

Description

Block Torque Converter simulates a torque converter. Block Torque Converter It has two non-directional ports connected to the impeller and turbine. The unit transmits the torque and angular velocity between the impeller port I and the turbine port T, acting as an interpolation table. The unit can simulate thrust mode (power flows from port I to port T) and idle mode (power flows from port T to port I). torque converter en

Limitations

If for the parameter Coast mode modeling the value is set Continuos:

  • The shaft of the impeller must always rotate in a positive direction. Modeling is unacceptable when .

  • If the block Torque Converter it is controlled by a torque source, for example, by a block Generic Engine, it is necessary to specify in this source the inertia of the motor, the inertia of the shaft or other components of the source. In order for the impeller to start rotating in a positive direction, set the initial velocity for the specified inertia as a positive value.

Ports

Conserving

# I — the impeller
rotational mechanics

Details

A non-directional port connected to the impeller.

Program usage name

impeller_flange

# T — The turbine
rotational mechanics

Details

A non-directional port connected to the turbine.

Program usage name

turbine_flange

Parameters

Torque Characteristics

# Coast mode modeling — type of torque converter simulation
Two-mode | Continuos

Details

The type of torque converter simulation can be selected as Two-mode, so and Continuos. Type of simulation Continuos It supports both thrust and idle modes, but has reduced accuracy and reliability when simulating near the transition between these modes. Therefore, if the simulation turns on idle mode, use the simulation type Two-mode due to its higher reliability and accuracy in idle simulation.

Values

Two-mode | Continuos
Default value

Two-mode
Program usage name

modeling_type
Evaluatable

Yes

# Drive mode speed ratio vector — the ratio of the turbine speed to the impeller speed

Details

Gear ratios for traction mode. Each element of the vector must be placed in ascending order in the range `[0,1]'.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Two-mode.

Default value

[0.0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.87, 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.97, 1.0]
Program usage name

speed_ratio_vector_drive
Evaluatable

Yes

# Drive mode torque ratio vector — the ratio of turbine torque to impeller torque

Details

Torque ratios for traction mode. Each element of the vector must be greater than or equal to 1, and the last element must be equal to 1.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Two-mode.

Default value

[2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
Program usage name

torque_ratio_vector_drive
Evaluatable

Yes

# Drive mode capacity factor vector — power coefficients for traction mode
ft*lbf/rpm^2 | N*m/(rad/s)^2 | ft*lbf/(rad/s)^2 | N*m/rpm^2

Details

Power factors for traction mode. Each element of the vector must be non-negative, and the last element must be `0'.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Two-mode.

Units

ft*lbf/rpm^2 | N*m/(rad/s)^2 | ft*lbf/(rad/s)^2 | N*m/rpm^2
Default value

[7.2558e-5, 6.6322e-5, 6.346300000000001e-5, 5.9041999999999995e-5, 5.133100000000001e-5, 4.144e-5, 2.9287000000000003e-5, 2.2444e-5, 1.2186e-5, 4.386000000000001e-6, 0.0] N*m/rpm^2
Program usage name

capacity_factor_vector_drive
Evaluatable

Yes

# Coast mode speed ratio vector — the ratio of the speed of rotation of the impeller to the speed of rotation of the turbine

Details

Gear ratios for idle mode. Each element of the vector must be placed in ascending order in the range `[0,1]'.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Two-mode.

Default value

[0.0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.87, 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.97, 1.0]
Program usage name

speed_ratio_vector_coast
Evaluatable

Yes

# Coast mode capacity factor vector — power factors for idle mode
ft*lbf/rpm^2 | N*m/(rad/s)^2 | ft*lbf/(rad/s)^2 | N*m/rpm^2

Details

Power factors for idle mode. Each element of the vector must be non-negative, and the last element must be `0'.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Two-mode.

Units

ft*lbf/rpm^2 | N*m/(rad/s)^2 | ft*lbf/(rad/s)^2 | N*m/rpm^2
Default value

[5.079000000000001e-5, 4.643e-5, 4.442e-5, 4.133e-5, 3.593e-5, 2.9010000000000005e-5, 2.05e-5, 1.571e-5, 8.53e-6, 3.0700000000000003e-6, 0.0] N*m/rpm^2
Program usage name

capacity_factor_vector_coast
Evaluatable

Yes

# Initial mode — initial simulation mode
Drive mode | Coast mode

Details

The initial simulation mode, set as Drive mode or Coast mode.

Values

Drive mode | Coast mode
Default value

Drive mode
Program usage name

initial_mode
Evaluatable

Yes

# Mode transition threshold — mode switching threshold
rpm | deg/s | rad/s

Details

The threshold for switching the simulation mode. Setting the mode switching threshold can increase the reliability of the simulation by eliminating high-frequency mode switching.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Two-mode.

Units

rpm | deg/s | rad/s
Default value

1.0 rpm
Program usage name

delta_w_threshold
Evaluatable

Yes

# Interpolation method — the interpolation method
Linear | Smooth

Details

The interpolation method specified as Linear or Smooth. The method interpolates the functions of the ratio of torque and power factor between discrete relative velocity values within a given range.

Values

Linear | Smooth
Default value

Linear
Program usage name

interpolation_method
Evaluatable

Yes

# Extrapolation method — the extrapolation method
Linear | Nearest | Error

Details

The extrapolation method, defined as Linear, Nearest or Error. The method extrapolates the functions of the ratio of torque and power factor.

Values

Linear | Nearest | Error
Default value

Linear
Program usage name

extrapolation_method
Evaluatable

Yes

# Speed ratio vector — the ratio of the turbine speed to the impeller speed

Details

Gear ratios the torque converter. Each element of the vector must be placed in ascending order in the range `[0,1]'.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Default value

[0.0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.87, 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.97]
Program usage name

speed_ratio_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Torque ratio vector — the ratio of turbine torque to impeller torque

Details

Torque ratios the torque converter. Each element of the vector must be positive.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Default value

[2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 0.9983, 0.9983, 0.9983]
Program usage name

torque_ratio_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity factor parameterization — determination of the power factor
Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque | Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed

Details

Determination of the torque converter power factor, defined as Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque or Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed. Setting this parameter affects the parameter Capacity factor vector.

  • For the parameter Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque:

  • For the parameter Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed:

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Values

Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque | Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed
Default value

Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque
Program usage name

capacity_factor_parameterization
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity factor reference speed — selecting the speed to determine the power factor
Always impeller speed | Turbine speed for speed ratios greater than one

Details

Selecting the speed to determine the power factor, set as Always impeller speed or Turbine speed for speed ratios greater than one.

  • Always impeller speed: use the speed of the impeller for all values .

  • Turbine speed for speed ratios greater than one: use the speed of the impeller for all values and the turbine rotation frequency when .

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Values

Always impeller speed | Turbine speed for speed ratios greater than one
Default value

Always impeller speed
Program usage name

reference_speed_type
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity factor vector — power factors
(rad/s)/(N*m)^(1/2) | rpm/(ft*lbf)^(1/2)

Details

The power coefficients of the torque converter. With a power factor defined as

set for the parameter Capacity factor parameterization meaning Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque.

If the power factor is not specified for a gear ratio equal to 1, the unit uses a power factor value equal to , where — the maximum value in the specified power factor vector. The corresponding value of the torque ratio is assumed to be `0'. For all other gear ratios not explicitly specified in the data for the interpolation table, the block uses the interpolation or extrapolation method selected in the block parameter settings.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Units

(rad/s)/(N*m)^(1/2) | rpm/(ft*lbf)^(1/2)
Default value

[12.2938, 12.8588, 13.1452, 13.6285, 14.6163, 16.2675, 19.3503, 22.1046, 29.9986, 50.0] (rad/s)/(N*m)^(1/2)
Program usage name

capacity_factor_vector_speed_to_torque_square_root
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity factor vector — power factors
ft*lbf/rpm^2 | N*m/(rad/s)^2 | ft*lbf/(rad/s)^2

Details

The power coefficients of the torque converter. The power factor, defined as

set for the parameter Capacity factor parameterization meaning Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed. Default value: `1e-3 * [6.616, 6.048, 5.787, 5.384, 4.681, 3.779, 2.671, 2.047, 1.111, .4]`N·m/(rad/s)2.

If the power factor is not specified for a gear ratio equal to 1, the unit uses a power factor value equal to , where — the maximum value in the specified power factor vector. The corresponding value of the torque ratio is assumed to be `0'. For all other gear ratios not explicitly specified in the data for the interpolation table, the block uses the interpolation or extrapolation method selected in the block parameter settings.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Units

ft*lbf/rpm^2 | N*m/(rad/s)^2 | ft*lbf/(rad/s)^2
Default value

[0.0066159999999999995, 0.006048, 0.005787, 0.005384000000000001, 0.004681, 0.003779, 0.0026709999999999998, 0.002047, 0.001111, 0.0004] N*m/(rad/s)^2
Program usage name

capacity_factor_vector_torque_to_speed_squared
Evaluatable

Yes

Dynamics

# Model transmission lag — setting the transmission delay

Details

Setting the transmission delay. To activate this option, select the checkbox.

  • If the flag is not checked, then the transmission of torque occurs instantly.

    In the absence of a time delay, the input torque of the impeller and the output torque of the turbine equal:



  • If this option is selected, the transmission of torque occurs with a delay. When you select this value, you can set the parameters Torque transmission time constant and Initial turbine-to-impeller torque ratio parameters.

    For optimal simulation performance, uncheck the box.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

enable_transmission_delay
Evaluatable

Yes

# Torque transmission time constant — delayed transmission of torque
d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min

Details

The delay time of the torque transmissions. The time delay increases the accuracy of the simulation, but reduces performance.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos and check the box next to the parameter Model transmission lag.

Units

d | s | hr | ms | ns | us | min
Default value

0.02 s
Program usage name

tau
Evaluatable

Yes

# Initial turbine-to-impeller torque ratio — the initial ratio of the turbine torque to the impeller

Details

The initial ratio of the turbine torque to the impeller.

If desired, the effect of a time delay in torque transmission caused by internal fluid flow and compressibility can be taken into account. Instead of an instant restriction and , a first-order time delay leads to a delay in changing the torque of the impeller:

The preceding instantaneous power factor function defines the steady-state value .

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Coast mode modeling meaning Continuos and check the box next to the parameter Model transmission lag.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

inital_torque_ratio
Evaluatable

Yes