Engee documentation

Range Angle Response

Getting a response map in the range-angle axes.

blockType: RangeAngleResponse

range angle response

Path in the library:

/Phased Array Systems/Detection/Range Angle Response

Description

The Range-Angle Response block calculates the response map in the range-angle axes. The output response is a matrix or a three—dimensional array, the rows of which represent the range samples, and the columns represent the angle samples.

Ports

Entrance

X is the data cube of the input signal
complex matrix K by N | complex array K by N by L

The input data is specified as a complex K-by-N matrix or a complex K-by-N-by-L array. The content of the input data depends on the angle measurement method set by various parameters.

  • K is the number of range samples or FFT filters.

  • N is the number of independent spatial channels: sensors or bearings.

  • L is the dimension of slow time corresponding to the number of probing periods or sweeps in the input signal.

The number of samples for the first dimension of the input matrix can be changed to simulate a change in the duration of the signal. A change in size can occur, for example, in the case of a pulse waveform with a variable pulse repetition rate.

PRF — pulse repetition rate
positive scalar

Pulse repetition rate.

Dependencies

To enable this input argument, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT and do not check the 'Dechirp input signal` checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Xref is a reference signal used for consistent filtering over time
complex column vector K by 1

The reference signal used for consistent filtering is set as a complex column vector K by 1. The number of rows should be equal to the number of fast-time samples (within one probe period) on port X.

Dependencies

To enable this input argument, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT and check the Dechirp input signal checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Coeff — coefficients of the matched pass filter:q[<br>] complex column vector P by 1

The coefficients of the matched filter, specified as a complex column vector P by 1. P must be less than or equal to the number of fast-time samples K on port X.

Dependencies

To enable this input argument, set the Range processing method parameter to Matched filter.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Support for complex numbers: Yes

El — elevation angle of the
scalar

The elevation angle for the response from a certain bearing is set as a scalar in the range from −90° to 90°. The angle-range response is calculated for this elevation angle. The units of measurement are degrees.

Dependencies

To enable this argument, set the Source of elevation angle parameter to `Input port'.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Output

Resp — pass range response data cube:q[<br>] complex column vector M by 1 | complex matrix M by L | complex array M by N by L

Range response data returned in one of the views:

  • The complex column vector is M by 1.

  • The complex matrix M on L.

  • A complex array of M by N by L.

The value of M depends on the type of processing.

The value of the Range Processing Method parameter The value of M

FFT

If the Source of FFT length in range processing parameter is set to Auto, then M = K the number of frequency filters on port X. Otherwise, M is equal to the value of the parameter Source of FFT length in range processing.

Matched filter

M = K the number of range samples within a single sensing period on port X.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Support for complex numbers: Yes

Range — values of the pass range:q[<br>] a real vector is a column M by 1

The range values returned as a real vector column M by 1. This vector defines the ranges corresponding to the measurement of fast time (within a single sensing period) of the output cube RESP. M is the number of fast time or range samples in the cube RESP. The values of the ranges are monotonously increasing and evenly distributed. The units of measurement are meters.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

Ang — values of angles along the angular direction of the
a real vector is a column P by 1

The angle values corresponding to the bearings of interest are returned as a real vector column P by 1. The units of measurement are degrees.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

Parameters

Main

Signal propagation speed — signal propagation speed, m/s
3e8 (default) | positive scalar

The propagation velocity of the signal in the form of a real positive scalar. The default value is the speed of light: `3e8 m/s'.

The units of measurement are meters per second.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Operating frequency (Hz) — carrier frequency of the pass sy\$
\$ 3e8 (default) | positive scalar

The carrier frequency of the system, set as a positive scalar. The units of measurement are hertz.

Range processing method — pass range processing method:q[<br>] Matched filter (default) | FFT

The range processing method specified as Matched filter or `FFT'.

  • Matched filter — the block applies a matched filter to the incoming signal. This approach is usually used for pulsed signals, when the matched filter is a temporary feedback characteristic of the transmitted signal.

  • The 'FFT' block applies the FFT to the input signal. This approach is commonly used for FMCW and linear FM pulse signals.

Inherit sample rate — inheritance of the pass sampling rate:q[<br>] enabled (by default) | disabled

Check the box to inherit the sampling rate from higher-level blocks. Otherwise, set the sampling rate using the Sample rate (Hz) parameter.

Sample rate (Hz) — pass sampling rate:q[<br>] 1e6 (default) | positive scalar

The sampling frequency of the signal in the form of a positive scalar. The units of measurement are hertz.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the Inherit sample rate checkbox.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

FM sweep slope (Hz/s) — linear sweep slope
1e9 (default) | scalar

The slope of the linear FM scan is set as a scalar. The fast time dimension of the input port X should correspond to the scans with this slope.

Example: 1.5e9

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

Dechirp input signal — enabling time filtering of input signals
enabled (by default) | disabled

Select this option so that the block performs a time filtering operation on the input signal. Uncheck this box to indicate that the input signal has already been filtered and no operation is required.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT.

Source of FFT length in range — FFT pass size:q[<br>] Auto (default) | Property

The size of the FFT used to process decrypted signals in the range is set as Auto or Property.

  • Auto — The length of the FFT is equal to the sampling range of the input data cube.

  • Property — Specify the length of the FFT using the FFT length in range processing parameter.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT.

FFT length in range processing — the length of the FFT used to process the pass range:q[<br>] 1024 (default) | positive integer

The length of the FFT used to process the range is set as a positive integer.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT and the Source of FFT length in range processing parameter to Property.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

Range processing window — type of weight window for reducing side lobes after FFT
None | Hamming | Chebyshev | Hann | Kaiser | Taylor

Specify the window used for range processing using one of the following values: None', `Hamming, Chebyshev, Hann, Kaiser, `Taylor'.

If you set this parameter to Taylor, the generated Taylor window will have four almost permanent side lobes adjacent to the main lobe.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT.

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64

Range sidelobe attenuation level — attenuation level of the side lobes of the
30 (default) | scalar

The level of attenuation of the side lobes in the form of a positive scalar.

This attenuation applies only to Chebyshev, Kaiser, or Taylor windows. The units of measurement are dB.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT, and the Range processing window parameter to Chebyshev, Kaiser, or `Taylor'.

Set reference range at center — setting the reference offset of the discrete grid by range
enabled (by default) | disabled

Select this option to set the reference offset of the discrete grid by range. Otherwise, the reference range will correspond to the beginning of the discrete grid.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Range processing method parameter to FFT.

Data types: Bool

Reference range (m) is the initial coordinate of the discrete grid for the pass range:q[<br>] 0 (default) | non-negative scalar

The initial coordinate of the discrete range grid, specified as a non-negative scalar.

  • If the Range processing method parameter is set to Matched filter, the initial coordinate is set to the beginning of the range grid.

  • If the Range processing method parameter is set to `FFT', the initial coordinate is determined by the Set reference range at center parameter.

    • When the Set reference range at center checkbox is selected, the initial coordinate is set to the center of the range grid.

    • Otherwise, the initial coordinate is set to the beginning of the range grid.

The units of measurement are meters.

Example: 1000.0

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

Source of elevation angle — source of elevation angle
Property (default) | Input port

The elevation angle source specified as Property or `Input port'.

  • Property — Elevation angle is set by the Elevation angle (deg) parameter

  • `Input port' — The elevation angle is received through the input port.

Elevation angle (deg) — elevation angle used to calculate the map in the axes range-angle
0 (default) | scalar

The elevation angle used to calculate the range angle response is given as a scalar. The angle must be in the range of −90 to 90 degrees. This property is applied when you set the Elevation Angle Source parameter to Property. By default, the value of this property is `0'.

Angle span (deg) — angular range of
[-90 , 90] (default) | real vector 1 by 2

The size of the corner sector, set as a real vector of 1 by 2. The object calculates the angular response in the range of angles, [min_angle, max_angle].

Example: [-45, 45]

Number of angle bins — the number of bearings in the angular sector of the
a positive integer greater than 2

The number of bearings in the corner sector used to calculate the angle is set as a positive integer greater than two.

Example: [256]

Data types: Float16, Float32, Float64, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, Bool

Sensor Array

Specify sensor array as — method for specifying the pass array:q[<br>] Array (no subarrays) (default) | Partitioned array | Replicated subarray

The method for setting the array. Available values:

  • Array (no subarrays)

  • Partitioned array

  • Replicated subarray

Element

Element type — types of antenna array elements
Isotropic Antenna (default) | Cardioid Antenna | Cosine Antenna | Custom Antenna | Gaussian Antenna | Sinc Antenna | Omni Microphone | Custom Microphone

The type of antenna array element.

Available values:

  • Isotropic Antenna

  • Cardioid Antenna

  • Cosine Antenna

  • Custom Antenna

  • Gaussian Antenna

  • Sinc Antenna

  • Omni Microphone

  • Custom Microphone

Operating frequency range (Hz) — operating frequency range of the pass antenna array element:q[<br>] [0,1e20] (default) | a real vector is a 1 by 2 row

The range of operating frequencies of the antenna array element in the form of a vector row 1 by 2 in the form of [LowerBound,UpperBound]. The element has no response outside this frequency range. The units of frequency measurement are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Isotropic Antenna, Cosine Antenna, or 'Omni Microphone'.

Baffle the back of the element — accounting for radiation through the rear beam of the radiation pattern into the rear hemisphere of the Isotropic Antenna element or Omni Microphone'
`disabled (by default) | enabled

Set this flag to exclude radiation into the rear hemisphere. The response from the rear hemisphere at all azimuth angles outside the ±90° range from the wide side is set to zero. The wide-angle direction is defined as the azimuth angle of 0° and the elevation angle of 0°.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Isotropic Antenna or `Omni Microphone'.

Null axis direction — the direction of the axis along the zero radiation.
-x (default) | +x | +y | -y | +z | -z

The direction of the axis is along the zero radiation.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Cardioid Antenna.

Exponent of cosine pattern — exponent exponent when defining the shape of a cosine radiation pattern
[1.5, 1.5] (default) | non-negative scalar | a real matrix of non-negative values of 1 by 2

The exponent of the exponent of the cosine model in the form of a non-negative scalar or a 1 by 2 real matrix of non-negative values. If the Exponent of cosine pattern is a 1 by 2 vector, then the first element is the exponent in the direction of the azimuth, and the second is in the direction of the angle of the place. With a scalar value of this parameter, the cosines in the azimuthal and elevation directions are raised to one power.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Cosine Antenna.

Operating frequency vector (Hz) — array of operating frequencies of the antenna array element
[0,1e20] (default) | real vector is a string

The array of operating frequencies of the antenna array element in the form of a vector row 1 on increasing actual values. The element has no response beyond the frequency range specified by the minimum and maximum elements of this vector. The units of frequency measurement are Hz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna or `Custom Microphone'. To set the responses at these frequencies, use the Frequency responses (dB) parameter.

Frequency responses (dB) — frequency responses of the antenna array element
[0,0] (default)| real vector string

The frequency response of the user elements of the antenna arrays is determined by the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz). The dimensions of the Frequency responses (dB) vector must match the dimensions of the vector specified by the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna or `Custom Microphone'.

Input Pattern Coordinate System — selection of the coordinate system of the radiation pattern of the user antenna
az-el (default) | phi-theta

The choice of the coordinate system of the radiation pattern of the user antenna is indicated by az-el or phi-theta'. When selecting `az-el, the Azimuth angles (deg) and Elevations angles (deg) parameters are used to set the coordinates of the directional pattern points. When specifying the phi-theta parameter, the Phi angle (deg) and Theta angles (deg) parameters are used to set the coordinates of the part points.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna.

Azimuth angles (deg) — azimuth angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[-180:180] (default) | real vector is a string

The values of the azimuth angles, which will be used to calculate the antenna pattern in the form of a vector row 1 on . it must be more than 2. The azimuth angles should be in the range of −180° up to 180° inclusive and arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Elevation angles (deg) — values of the angles of the antenna pattern position
[-90:90] (default) | real vector is a string

The values of the angles of the location at which it is necessary to calculate the radiation pattern in the form of a vector 1 on . it must be more than 2. The units of measurement of angles are degrees. Elevation angles should be in the range of −90° to 90° inclusive and arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to az-el.

Phi Angles (deg) — values of the Phi angles of the antenna radiation pattern
[0:360] (default) | real vector is row 1 on P

The angular coordinates of the Phi points where the antenna radiation pattern is set. They are defined as a real vector-row 1 on . it must be more than 2. The units of measurement of angles are degrees. The values of the Phi angles should range from 0° to 360° and be arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Theta Angles (deg) — values of the angles of the Theta radiation pattern of the antenna
[0:180] (default) | real vector-row 1 on Q

The angular coordinates of the Theta points where the antenna radiation pattern is set. They are defined as a real vector-row 1 on . it must be more than 2. The units of measurement of angles are degrees. The values of the Theta angles must range from 0° to 180° and be arranged in strictly ascending order.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter to phi-theta.

Magnitude pattern (dB) — the magnitude of the antenna radiation pattern
zeros(181.361) (default) | real matrix Q on P | real array Q on P on L

The value of the antenna pattern, set as a matrix on or an array on on .

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to `az-el', then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, in turn, — the length of the vector defined by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to `phi-theta', then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the parameter Theta Angles (deg), in turn, — the length of the vector defined by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

Value is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix on , then the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

  • If the value is an array on on , each element on The array defines a template for the corresponding frequency specified in the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna.

Phase pattern (deg) — phase of the radiation pattern of the user antenna
zeros(181,361) (default) | real matrix Q on P | real array Q on P on L

The phase radiation pattern of the combined antenna, defined as a matrix on or an array on on .

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to `az-el', then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the Elevation angles (deg) parameter, in turn, — the length of the vector defined by the Azimuth angles (deg) parameter.

  • If the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter is set to `phi-theta', then is equal to the length of the vector defined by the parameter Theta Angles (deg), in turn, — the length of the vector defined by the Phi Angles (deg) parameter.

Value is equal to the value of the Operating frequency vector (Hz) parameter.

  • If the value of this parameter is a matrix on , then the same scheme is applied for all frequencies specified in the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

  • If the value is an array on on , each element on The array defines a template for the corresponding frequency specified in the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna.

Align element normal with array normal — align the normal of the antenna array element relative to the grid normal
enabled (by default) | disabled

If the parameter value is enabled, the radiation pattern of the antenna element is rotated to align with the normal of the array. If it is off, then the drawing of the element does not rotate.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter has the value az-el, checking this box rotates the radiation pattern so that the x-axis of the element coordinate system points along the normal of the array. If there is no selection, the element template is used without rotation.

If the antenna is used in an antenna array and the Input Pattern Coordinate System parameter has the value phi-theta, checking this box rotates the radiation pattern so that the z axis of the element coordinate system points along the normal of the array.

Use this parameter together with the Array Normal parameter of the URA and UCA arrays.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Antenna.

Radiation pattern beamwidth (deg) — the beam width of the antenna pattern
[10, 10] (default) | real scalar | a real vector is a 1 by 2 row

The beam width of the antenna pattern in degrees.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Gaussian Antenna.

Polar pattern frequencies (Hz) — frequency values for the polar pattern of the microphone
1e3 (default) | real scalar | real vector-row 1 on L

The frequency values for the polar radiation pattern are set as a real scalar or a real vector-row 1 on . The frequencies are in the frequency range specified by the parameter Operating frequency vector (Hz).

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern angles (deg) — angle values for the polar radiation pattern of the microphone
[-180:180] (default) | real vector is row 1 on P

The angle values for the polar radiation pattern of the microphone are set as a vector . The angles are measured from the central axis of the microphone and should be in the range of −180° to 180° inclusive.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Microphone.

Polar pattern (dB) — polar directional pattern of the microphone
zeros(1,361) (default) | real vector-row 1 on L

Set the value of the polar radiation pattern of the user microphone element in the form of a real vector-row 1 on , where — the number of frequencies specified in the parameter Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). The string represents the value of the polar radiation pattern measured at the corresponding frequency specified in the Polar pattern frequencies (Hz). The radiation pattern is measured in the azimuthal plane. In the azimuthal plane, the elevation angle is 0°, and the central axis is 0° in azimuth and 0° in elevation. The polar radiation pattern is symmetrical around the central axis. Based on the polar diagram, it is possible to construct a microphone directional pattern in three-dimensional space.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Element type parameter to Custom Microphone.

Array

Geometry — geometry of the pass grid:q[<br>] ULA (default) | URA | UCA | Conformal Array

Antenna configuration, specified as:

  • 'ULA' — uniform linear

  • `URA' — uniform rectangular

  • 'UCA' — uniform circular

  • Conformal Array — arbitrary arrangement of elements

Number of elements — Number of elements in the pass antenna array:q[<br>] 2 for ULA arrays and 5 for UCA arrays (default)

The number of elements for a lattice of type ULA or UCA, set as an integer greater than or equal to 2.

When setting the Specify sensor array as as to Replicated subarray parameter, this parameter is applied to each subarray.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the *Geometry parameter to ULA or `UCA'.

Element spacing (m) — the distance between the elements of the pass grid:q[<br>] 0.5 for ULA arrays and [0.5,0.5] for URA arrays (default) | positive scalar for ULA and URA | vector of positive values 2 by 1 for URA arrays

The distance between adjacent array elements:

  • 'ULA` — specify the distance between two adjacent array elements as a positive scalar.

  • URA' — the distance is set as a positive scalar or a vector of positive values 1 by 2. If Element spacing (m) is a scalar, then the distances between rows and columns are equal. If Element spacing(m) is a vector, then the vector has the form `[SpacingBetweenArrayRows,SpacingBetweenArrayColumns].

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to ULA or `URA'.

Array axis — direction of the ULA pass linear axis:q[<br>] y (default) | x | z

The direction of the linear axis ULA, defined as y, x or z. All elements of the ULA array are evenly distributed along this axis in the local coordinate system of the array.

Dependencies

  • To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to ULA.

  • This option is also enabled if the block supports only ULA arrays.

Array size — grid dimensions URA'
`[2,2] (default) | positive integer | 1 by 2 vector with positive integer elements

The dimensions of the URA array, specified as a positive integer or a vector of 1 by 2 positive integers.

  • If the size of the array is a 1 by 2 vector, then the vector has the form [NumberOfArrayRows,NumberOfArrayColumns].

  • If the size of the array is an integer, then the array has the same number of rows and columns.

  • When setting the Specify sensor array as parameter as a `Replicated subarray', this parameter is applied to each subarray.

ura example

For URA, the array elements are indexed from top to bottom in the leftmost column of the array and then in the following columns from left to right.

Element lattice — grid of positions of elements URA
Rectangular (default) | Triangular

The grid of positions of the URA elements, set as rectangular or triangular.

  • 'Rectangular' — aligns all elements in the row and column directions.

  • Triangular — shifts the elements of an even row of a rectangular grid towards the positive direction of the row axis. The offset is half the distance between the elements according to the size of the row.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to `URA'.

Array normal — Direction of the normal to the pass grid:q[<br>] x for URA arrays or z for UCA arrays (default)

The direction of the normal to the grid, given as x, y, or z.

The elements of the flat grids lie in a plane orthogonal to the selected direction of the array normal. The side view directions of the elements are directed along the direction of the normal.

The value of the normal to the grid The position of the elements and the direction of the side view

x

The elements of the lattice lie in - planes. All vectors normal to the elements are directed along the X axis

y

The elements of the lattice lie in - planes. All vectors normal to the elements are directed along the X-axis.

z

The elements of the lattice lie in - planes. All vectors normal to the elements are directed along the axis .

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to URA or `UCA'.

Radius of UCA (m) — the radius of the UCA pass grid:q[<br>] 0.5 (default) | positive scalar

The radius of the `UCA' array, set as a positive scalar.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to 'UCA'.

Element positions (m) — the position of the elements of the conformal lattice
[0;0;0] ( by default) | matrix of positive values 3 by N

The positions of the conformal elements, defined as a matrix of real values of dimension 3 by N, where N is the number of elements in the conformal array. Each column of this matrix represents a position ['x';'y';'z']array element in the local coordinate system of the array. The origin of the local coordinate system is (0,0,0). The units of measurement are meters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to `Conformal Array'.

Element normals (deg) is the direction of the normal vectors of the elements of the conformal lattice
[0;0] | ` column vector 2 by 1` | matrix 2 by N

The direction of the normal vectors of elements in a conformal lattice, defined as a 2-by-1 column vector or a 2-by-N matrix. N indicates the number of elements in the array. If the parameter is a matrix, each column specifies the direction of the normal of the corresponding element in the form of [azimuth;elevation] relative to the local coordinate system. The local coordinate system aligns the positive X-axis with the direction of the normal to the conformal lattice. If the parameter value is a 2-by-1 column vector, the same pointing direction is used for all array elements.

Parameters of Element positions (m) and Element normals (deg) can be used to represent any arrangement in which pairs of elements differ by certain transformations. Transformations can combine translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, transformations that require rotation relative to the normal direction cannot be used.

To use this parameter, set the Geometry parameter to `Conformal Array'.

Taper — changing the radiation pattern of the elements of the antenna array
1 (default) | complex scalar | complex vector

The change in the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements is set as a complex scalar or a complex vector 1 by , where — the number of antenna array elements.

The coefficients that change the radiation pattern, also called element weights, multiply the responses of the antenna array elements. The coefficients change both the amplitude and the phase of the response to reduce the side lobes or the direction of the main axis of the response.

If the value of the Taper parameter is a scalar, then the same weight is applied to each element. If Taper is a vector, then a weight from the vector is applied to the corresponding element of the antenna array. The number of scales must correspond to the number of antenna array elements.

Subarray definition matrix — definition of elements belonging to the subarrays of
logical matrix

Set the selection of the subarray as a matrix M by N. M is the number of subarrays, and N is the total number of elements in the array. Each row of the matrix represents a subarray, and each entry in the row indicates when an element belongs to the subarray. If the record is zero, then the element does not belong to the subarray. A non-zero entry is a complex-valued weight applied to the corresponding element. Each row must contain at least one non-zero entry.

The phase center of each subarray is located in the geometric center of the subarray. The geometric center of the subarray depends on the Subarray definition matrix and Geometry parameters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Partitioned array.

Subarray steering method — specify the method for controlling the pass subarray:q[<br>] None (default) | Phase | Time

A method for managing a subarray, specified as one of

  • None

  • Phase

  • Time

  • Custom

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Specify sensor array as parameter to Partitioned array or `Replicated subarray'.

Phase shifter frequency (Hz) — the frequency of the phase shift of the pass subarray:q[<br>] 3.0e8 (default) | real positive scalar

The operating frequency of the rotary control phase shifters of the subarray, set as a positive real scalar. The units of measurement are hertz.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set Sensor array to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set Subarray steering method to Phase.

Number of bits in phase shifters — quantization bits of the phase shift of the pass subarray control:q[<br>] 0 (default) | non-negative integer

The quantization bits of the steering phase shift of the subarray, specified as a non-negative integer. A value of zero means that quantization is not performed.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set Sensor array to Partitioned array or Replicated subarray and set Subarray steering method to Phase.

Subarrays layout — specification of the position of the pass subarray:q[<br>] Rectangular (default) | Custom

Specify the location of identical subarrays as Rectangular or `Custom'.

When setting this parameter to `Rectangular', use the Grid size and Grid spacing parameters to place the subarrays.

When setting this parameter to Custom, use the Subarray positions (m) parameters to place the subarrays. and Subarray normals.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray

Grid size — Dimensions of the rectangular grid of the pass subarray:q[<br>] [1,2] (default)

The grid size of a rectangular subarray is set as a single positive integer or as a 1 by 2 vector string of positive integers.

If Grid size is an integer scalar, then the array has an equal number of subarrays in each row and each column. If Grid size is a 1 by 2 vector of the form [numberOfRows, NumberOfColumns], then the first entry is the number of subarrays in each column. The second entry is the number of subarrays in each row. The row is located along the local y' axis, and the column is located along the local `z axis. The figure shows how a 3-by-2 URA subarray can be reproduced using the grid size [1,2].

ura example 1

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Rectangular.

Grid spacing (m) — the distance between the subarrays on the rectangular grid
Auto (default) | real positive scalar| 1 by 2 vector with real positive

The distance between the subarrays in a rectangular grid, defined as a positive real scalar, a 1 by 2 vector of positive real values, or `Auto'. The units of measurement are meters.

  • If Grid spacing is a scalar, then the distance between rows and the distance between columns are the same.

  • If Grid spacing is a 1 by 2 vector, the vector has the form [SpacingBetweenRows,SpacingBetweenColumn]. The first entry specifies the distance between rows along the column. The second element sets the distance between the columns in the row.

  • If the Grid spacing parameter is set to Auto, the distance between the elements of the subarray is preserved for both rows and columns when building a complete array. This parameter is only available when setting the Geometry parameter. like ULA or `URA'.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Rectangular.

Subarray positions (m) — positions of the pass subarrays:q[<br>] [0,0;0.5,0.5;0,0] ( by default) | a 3-by-N real matrix

The positions of the subarrays in the custom grid, defined as a 3—by-N real matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix represents the position of one subarray in the local coordinate system of the array. Coordinates are expressed as [x; y; z]. The units of measurement are meters.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Custom.

Subarray normals — direction of the normal vectors of the pass subarray:q[<br>] [0,0;0,0] (default)| real matrix 2 by N

Specify the directions of the normals of the subarrays in the array. The value of this parameter is a 2 by N matrix, where N is the number of subarrays in the array. Each column of the matrix defines the direction of the normal of the corresponding subarray in the form of [azimuth;elevation]. The units of measurement of angles are degrees. The angles are set relative to the local coordinate system.

The Subarray positions and Subarray normals parameters can be used to represent any location in which pairs of subarrays differ by certain transformations. Transformations can combine translation, azimuth rotation, and elevation rotation. However, transformations that require rotation relative to the normal cannot be used.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set the Sensor array parameter to Replicated subarray and the Subarrays layout parameter to Custom.