Engee documentation

Battery (Table-Based)

Tabular battery model.

blockType: AcausalElectricPowerSystems.Sources.TableBasedBattery

battery table based

Path in the library:

/Physical Modeling/Electrical/Sources/Battery (Table-Based)

Description

Block Battery (Table-Based) It is a high-precision battery model. The unit calculates the open circuit voltage (idling) depending on the charge level and temperature using tables from the documentation, and includes several simulation options.:

  • self-discharge;

  • battery fading;

  • charge dynamics;

  • battery aging.

For all tabular parameters, the block Battery (Table-Based) supports only linear interpolation. For extrapolation, set the parameter Extrapolation method for all tables meaning Linear or Nearest.

The graph shows examples of battery characteristics that vary depending on temperature and charge level, given in the technical data sheet.

battery table based 1

Use this unit to parameterize batteries with complex open-circuit voltage characteristics obtained from technical data sheets or experimental results. For a simpler representation of the battery, you can use the block Battery.

Block Battery (Table-Based) It has a measuring port that can be opened by setting the appropriate parameters. Measuring port SOC outputs the charge level value. Use this port to change the dependence of the load on the charge level, without resorting to the difficulties associated with measuring it. To open the port SOC, enable the parameter Expose measurement port and for the parameter Measurement output type set the value SOC.

When selecting an option Measurement output type values Charge in Coulombs The current battery charge (in coulombs) is output to the output port.

To use the thermal port, check the box Enable thermal port. The heat port represents the heat capacity of the battery.

An equivalent battery circuit consists of a fundamental battery model, self-discharge resistance , models of charge dynamics and series resistance .

battery scheme 1

The fundamental battery model

This unit calculates the no-load voltage on a fundamental battery model by interpolating tabular data.:

where

  • — the voltage of the battery’s open circuit. Set the matrix of values using the parameter Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on temperature, or the vector Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC) otherwise;

  • — this is the charge level, the ratio of the current charge to the rated battery capacity specified in the parameter Cell capacity, AH, taking into account the fading of the change in the capacity of the element specified in the parameter Percentage change in cell capacity, dAH(N, Tfade). Specify the reference values using the parameter Vector of state-of-charge values, SOC. The unit evaluates the rated capacity of the battery depending on the number of cycles and the temperature of the battery by interpolating the specified temperature-dependent decay characteristic and parameter Cell capacity, AH.

For the case when the extinction characteristic is obtained based on the data table:

For the case when the extinction characteristic is obtained on the basis of the equations:

The result of the expressions is measured in Cl. it is obtained from the following equation:

where

  • — the nominal capacity of the battery cell, the value is set in the parameter Cell capacity, AH, in Pendants;

  • — the reference number of discharge cycles for which a percentage change in battery parameters is set, the value is set in the parameter Number of discharge cycles, N;

  • — the current number of battery discharge cycles;

  • — percentage change in battery capacity after discharge cycles;

  • — battery temperature. Values are set in the parameter Vector of temperatures, T if the parameters depend on the temperature.

The block also simulates the serial resistance as a function of the charge level and temperature. Set the value matrix for the series resistance using the parameter Terminal resistance, R0(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on temperature, or the vector Terminal resistance, R0(SOC) otherwise.

Simulation of self-discharge

When the battery terminals are open, internal currents can still drain the battery. This behavior is called self-discharge. To enable this effect, check the box Self-discharge.

The unit simulates internal currents using resistance connected to the terminals of the fundamental battery model. You can specify tabular data for resistance using the parameter Self-discharge resistance, Rleak(T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or Self-discharge resistance, Rleak otherwise.

Simulation of charge dynamics

Batteries are not able to respond instantly to load changes. It takes them some time to reach a stable state. This time-varying property is the result of battery charge dynamics and is modeled using sequential dynamic RC links in an equivalent circuit.

You can simulate the dynamics of battery charge using the parameter Charge dynamics:

  • No dynamics — the equivalent circuit does not contain dynamic links. There is no delay between the terminal voltage and the internal voltage of the fundamental battery.

  • One time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains one RC link. Specify the time constant using the parameter First time constant, tau1(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or First time constant, tau1(SOC) otherwise. Also specify the resistance using the parameter First polarization resistance, R1(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC) otherwise.

  • Two time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains two RC links. Specify the time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T) and Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or First time constant, tau1(SOC) and Second time constant, tau2(SOC) otherwise. Also specify the resistances using the parameters First polarization resistance, R1(SOC,T) and Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T) if the parameters depend on the temperature, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC) and Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC) otherwise.

  • Three time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains three RC links. Specify the time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T), Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T) and Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or First time constant, tau1(SOC), Second time constant, tau2(SOC), and Third time constant, tau3(SOC) otherwise. Also specify the resistances using the parameters First polarization resistance, R1(SOC,T), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T) and Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T), if the parameters depend on temperature, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC) and Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC) otherwise.

  • Four time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains four RC links. Specify the time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T), Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T), Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T) and Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or First time constant, tau1(SOC), Second time constant, tau2(SOC), Third time constant, tau3(SOC) and Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC) otherwise. Also specify the resistances using the parameters First polarization resistance, R1(SOC,T), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T) and Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC,T) if the parameters depend on the temperature, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC) and Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC) otherwise.

  • Five time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains five RC links. Specify the time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T), Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T), Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T), Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC,T) and Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC,T) if the parameter depends on the temperature, or First time constant, tau1(SOC), Second time constant, tau2(SOC), Third time constant, tau3(SOC), Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC) and Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC) otherwise. Also specify the resistances using the parameters First polarization resistance, R1(SOC,T), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T), Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC,T) and Fifth polarization resistance, R5(SOC,T) if the parameters depend on the temperature, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC), Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC) and Fifth polarization resistance, R5(SOC) otherwise.

The figure shows an equivalent circuit for a block that has two time constants.

battery table based 3

On the diagram:

  • and — resistance of dynamic links.

  • and — capacities of dynamic links. The time constant connects the values for each parallel circuit and using dependency .

  • — consistent resistance.

Simulation of battery fading

Battery fading is the deterioration of battery performance during repeated charge and discharge cycles. When the parameter Fade characteristic it matters Equations. battery decay is modeled by the formula as described below.

The open circuit voltage on the fundamental battery model decays in proportion to the number of discharge cycles :

where — percentage change in open circuit voltage after discharge cycles. Meaning is set by the parameter Change in open-circuit voltage after N discharge cycles (%).

Block Battery (Table-Based) tracks the current and integrates it over time. Number of discharge cycles increases by 1 each time a charge equal to the equivalent battery capacity is consumed.

The nominal charge, on the basis of which the charge level is calculated, decays according to the following dependence on the number of discharge cycles:

All resistances in the battery model also decay according to a similar dependence on the number of discharge cycles.:

where

  • — -e resistance;

  • — percentage change of this resistance for cycles.

Depending on the unit settings, the resistances may include:

  • Sequential resistance — specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • Self—discharge resistance - specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • The first resistance of the charge dynamics — specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in first polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • The second resistance of the charge dynamics — specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in second polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • The third resistance of the charge dynamics — specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in third polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • The fourth resistance of the charge dynamics — specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in fourth polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • Fifth resistance of charge dynamics — specify the percentage change for cycles using the parameter Change in fifth polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

You can also model the battery’s decay characteristics using tables of values that are independent or temperature-dependent. When you select either of these two options, the block parameters change accordingly.

Modeling of thermal effects

The battery temperature is determined by summing up all ohmic losses included in the model:

where

  • — battery heat capacity;

  • Index respond -the source of ohmic losses. Depending on how the unit is configured, losses may include:

    • consistent resistance;

    • self-discharge resistance;

    • the first segment of charge dynamics;

    • the second segment of charge dynamics;

    • the third segment of charge dynamics;

    • the fourth segment of charge dynamics;

    • the fifth segment of charge dynamics.

  • — voltage drop on -oh resistance;

  • — - the resistance.

Simulation of battery aging

The unit allows you to simulate the deterioration of battery performance that occurs when the battery is not in use during storage. Aging affects both internal resistance and capacitance. In particular, the increase in resistance depends on various mechanisms, such as the formation of a solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) at the anode and cathode and corrosion of the conductors. These processes mainly depend on the storage temperature, charge level, and time.

To simulate aging, you need to specify for the parameter Modeling option meaning:

  • Equation-based;

  • Tabulated: temperature;

  • Tabulated: time and temperature.

Block Battery (Table-Based) it takes into account aging only during initialization. When checking the boxes Internal resistance calendar aging or Capacity calendar aging, the block opens the parameter Vector of time intervals, which represents the battery’s aging time before starting the simulation. During the simulation, aging is not taken into account.

Calculation based on the combination of equations

The increase in the resistance of the battery terminals as a result of aging is determined by the equation:

where

  • — parameter value Normalized open-circuit voltage during storage, V/Vnom;

  • — the value of the Internal resistance parameter;

  • — storage time values obtained from the parameter Vector of time intervals;

  • — the corresponding temperature values obtained from the parameter Vector of temperatures, T;

  • — parameter value Terminal resistance linear scaling for voltage, b;

  • — parameter value Terminal resistance constant offset for voltage, c;

  • — parameter value Terminal resistance temperature-dependent exponential increase, d;

  • — parameter value Terminal resistance time exponent, a;

  • — the elementary charge of an electron, in Cl;

  • — Boltzmann constant, in J/K.

This equation determines the decrease in battery capacity as a result of aging.:

where

  • — the value of the initial capacity parameter;

  • — parameter value Capacity linear scaling for voltage, b;

  • — parameter value Capacity constant offset for voltage, c;

  • — the value of the Capacity temperature-dependent exponential increase parameter, d;

  • — the value of the Capacity time constant parameter, a.

If for the parameter Storage condition There is a value Specify state-of-charge during storage, the unit converts the charge level during storage to a normalized open circuit voltage using a tabulated voltage depending on the charge level and temperature during storage.

Calculation according to tables: dependence only on temperature.

The resistance of aging pins is the product between the resistance of the pins. , a percentage increase in resistance , and an exponential (power law) describing the dependence of aging on time:

where

  • — parameter value Vector of storage temperatures;

  • and — these are the time values obtained from the parameter Vector of time intervals;

  • it is assumed to be zero;

  • — the point in time at which the increase in resistance is measured .

A similar equation is used to calculate the battery capacity in case of obsolescence.

Calculation according to tables: dependence on time and temperature

The resistance of aging pins is the product of the resistances of the pins. and which depends on both time and temperature:

A similar equation is used to calculate the battery capacity after obsolescence.

Variables

Use the parameter group Initial Targets to set the priority and initial target values for the block parameter variables before modeling. For more information, see Configuring physical blocks using target values.

Ports

Conserving

# + — positive contact
electricity

Details

The electrical port connected to the positive contact of the battery.

Program usage name

p

# − — negative contact
electricity

Details

The electrical port connected to the negative contact of the battery.

Program usage name

n

# H — battery thermal port
warm

Details

The heat capacity of the battery.

Dependencies

To use this port, check the box for the parameter Enable thermal port.

Program usage name

thermal_port

Output

# q — current battery charge, Kl
scalar

Details

Internal charge in coulombs. Use this output port to change the behavior of the load depending on the charge, without resorting to the complexities of building a charge meter.

Dependencies

To use this port, check the box for the parameter Expose measurement port, and for the parameter Measurement output type set the value Charge in Coulombs.

Data types

Float64
Complex numbers support

No

# SOC — Battery charge level
scalar

Details

The charge level. Use this output port to change the load behavior depending on the charge level, without resorting to the complexities of building a charge meter.

Charge level is a normalized value equal to the ratio of the current charge to the rated capacity of the battery . The unit evaluates the current battery charge by integrating the output current of the battery terminals. To convert the state of charge to an actual charge, you must use the correct rated battery capacity for each temperature.

Dependencies

To use this port, check the box for the parameter Expose measurement port, and for the parameter Measurement output type set the value SOC.

Data types

Float64
Complex numbers support

No

Parameters

Main

# Vector of state-of-charge values, SOC — vector of charge level values (SOC) for tabular data

Details

A vector of charge level values for tabular data. The elements of the vector must go in ascending order. Meaning — this is the ratio of the current battery charge to the rated capacity of the battery . It is necessary to ensure that for each temperature, when the charge is equal to the battery capacity specified in the parameter Cell capacity, AH assuming a fresh battery with the number of cycles and .

for and .

Default value

[0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 1.0]
Program usage name

SOC_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Temperature dependent tables — select whether the battery settings depend on the temperature.

Details

Select whether the battery settings depend on the temperature.

Default value

true (switched on)
Program usage name

temperature_dependence
Evaluatable

No

# Current directionality — enables current direction accounting

Details

If this option is selected, the resistance of the terminals will depend on the current direction.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

resistance_depends_on_current_direction
Evaluatable

No

# Vector of temperatures, T — vector of temperature values for tabular data
K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR

Details

A vector of temperature values for calculating temperature-dependent parameters. The values of the vector must be positive and ascending.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables.

Units

K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR
Default value

[278.0, 293.0, 313.0] K
Program usage name

T_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC,T) — no-load voltage depending on charge level and temperature
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The matrix of open-circuit voltage values of the fundamental battery model at the specified SOC temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables.

Units

V | uV | mV | kV | MV
Default value

[3.49 3.50 3.51; 3.55 3.57 3.56; 3.62 3.63 3.64; 3.71 3.71 3.72; 3.91 3.93 3.94; 4.07 4.08 4.08; 4.19 4.19 4.19] V
Program usage name

OCV_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC) — No-load voltage
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The vector of open-circuit voltage values of the fundamental battery model at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Temperature dependent tables.

Units

V | uV | mV | kV | MV
Default value

[3.5057, 3.5660, 3.6337, 3.7127, 3.9259, 4.0777, 4.1928] V
Program usage name

OCV_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal voltage operating range [Min, Max] — the operating voltage range at the terminals
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

The operating voltage range at the terminals. This parameter should be a vector of two elements that defines the minimum and maximum voltage values at the terminals.

Units

V | uV | mV | kV | MV
Default value

[0.0, Inf] V
Program usage name

V_range
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance, R0(SOC,T) — consistent battery resistance depending on charge level and temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of values for the serial resistance of the battery at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0117 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0110 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0114 0.0087 0.0092; 0.0107 0.0082 0.0088; 0.0107 0.0083 0.0091; 0.0113 0.0085 0.0089; 0.0116 0.0085 0.0089] Ohm
Program usage name

R_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance, R0(SOC) — consistent battery resistance
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of values of the serial resistance of the battery at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Temperature dependent tables.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0085, 0.0085, 0.0087, 0.0082, 0.0083, 0.0085, 0.0085] Ohm
Program usage name

R_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance during discharging, R0(SOC,T) — consistent battery resistance during the discharge phase depending on the charge level and temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of values of the serial resistance of the battery during the discharge phase at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and Current directionality.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0117 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0110 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0114 0.0087 0.0092; 0.0107 0.0082 0.0088; 0.0107 0.0083 0.0091; 0.0113 0.0085 0.0089; 0.0116 0.0085 0.0089] Ohm
Program usage name

R_discharge_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance during discharging, R0(SOC) — consistent battery resistance during the discharge phase
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of values of the serial resistance of the battery during the discharge phase at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Temperature dependent tables and check the box Current directionality.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0085, 0.0085, 0.0087, 0.0082, 0.0083, 0.0085, 0.0085] Ohm
Program usage name

R_discharge_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance during charging, R0(SOC,T) — consistent battery resistance during the charging phase
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of values of the serial resistance of the battery during the charging phase at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and Current directionality.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0117 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0110 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0114 0.0087 0.0092; 0.0107 0.0082 0.0088; 0.0107 0.0083 0.0091; 0.0113 0.0085 0.0089; 0.0116 0.0085 0.0089] Ohm
Program usage name

R_charge_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance during charging, R0(SOC) — consistent battery resistance during the charging phase
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of values of the serial resistance of the battery during the charging phase at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Temperature dependent tables and check the box Current directionality.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0085, 0.0085, 0.0087, 0.0082, 0.0083, 0.0085, 0.0085] Ohm
Program usage name

R_charge_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Cell capacity, AH — battery capacity at full charge
C | nC | uC | mC | nA*s | uA*s | mA*s | A*s | mA*hr | A*hr | kA*hr | MA*hr

Details

Battery capacity. The unit calculates the charge level by dividing the accumulated charge by this value. The unit calculates the accumulated charge by integrating the battery current.

Units

C | nC | uC | mC | nA*s | uA*s | mA*s | A*s | mA*hr | A*hr | kA*hr | MA*hr
Default value

27.0 A*hr
Program usage name

C
Evaluatable

Yes

# Self-discharge — select whether you want to simulate the battery’s self-discharge resistance.

Details

Select whether you want to simulate the battery’s self-discharge resistance. The unit models this effect as a resistance connected in parallel to the fundamental battery model.

As the temperature increases, the self-discharge resistance decreases, which leads to an increase in self-discharge. If the resistance decrease occurs too quickly, thermal discharge of the battery and instability of the numerical solution may occur. You can eliminate this instability by making any of these changes.:

  • Reduce thermal resistance;

  • Reduce the gradient of self-discharge resistance depending on temperature;

  • Increase the self-discharge resistance.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

enable_self_discharge
Evaluatable

No

# Self-discharge resistance, Rleak(T) — battery self-discharge resistance depending on temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

Data for calculating the battery self-discharge resistance at the specified temperature values. This resistance is connected to the terminals of the fundamental battery model.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and Self-discharge.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[8.0e3, 7.0e3, 6.0e3] Ohm
Program usage name

R_self_discharge_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Self-discharge resistance, Rleak — battery self-discharge resistance
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

Data for calculating battery self-discharge resistance. This resistance is connected to the terminals of the fundamental battery model.

Dependencies

To use this option, uncheck the box. Temperature dependent tables and check the box Self-discharge.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

7.0e3 Ohm
Program usage name

R_self_discharge
Evaluatable

Yes

# Extrapolation method for all tables — extrapolation method for tables
Linear | Nearest

Details

Extrapolation method for all parameters calculated from tables:

  • Linear — evaluates values outside the data set by creating a tangent line at the end of the known data and extending it beyond this limit.

  • Nearest — extrapolates the value at a point to the value at the nearest grid point.

Values

Linear | Nearest
Default value

Nearest
Program usage name

extrapolation_type
Evaluatable

No

# Expose measurement port — display of the measuring port

Details

If the check box is selected Expose measurement port, then an additional (measuring) port appears in the block.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

has_charge_out
Evaluatable

No

# Measurement output type — signal selection in the measuring port
Charge in Coulombs | SOC

Details

The parameter has two values:

  • SOC — charge level values are sent to the output SOC.

  • Charge in Coulombs — charge values are sent to the output q in Pendants.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Expose measurement port.

Values

Charge in Coulombs | SOC
Default value

SOC
Program usage name

output_type
Evaluatable

No

Dynamics

# Charge dynamics — battery charge dynamics model
No dynamics | One time-constant dynamics | Two time-constant dynamics | Three time-constant dynamics | Four time-constant dynamics | Five time-constant dynamics

Details

Choose a way to simulate the dynamics of battery charge. This parameter determines the number of RC links in the equivalent circuit.:

  • No dynamics — the equivalent circuit does not contain dynamic RC links. There is no delay between the terminal voltage and the internal voltage of the fundamental battery.

  • One time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains one RC link.

  • Two time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains two RC links.

  • Three time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains three RC links.

  • Four time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains four RC links.

  • Five time-constant dynamics — the equivalent circuit contains five RC links.

Values

No dynamics | One time-constant dynamics | Two time-constant dynamics | Three time-constant dynamics | Four time-constant dynamics | Five time-constant dynamics
Default value

No dynamics
Program usage name

time_constant_dynamics_count
Evaluatable

No

# First polarization resistance, R1(SOC,T) — resistance of the first dynamic link, depending on temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of resistance values for the first RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] Ohm
Program usage name

R1_polarization_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# First polarization resistance, R1(SOC) — resistance of the first dynamic link
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of resistance values of the first RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] Ohm
Program usage name

R1_polarization_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# First time constant, tau1(SOC,T) — the time constant of the first dynamic link, depending on temperature
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A matrix of time constant values for the first RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[20.0 36.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] s
Program usage name

tau1_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# First time constant, tau1(SOC) — the time constant of the first dynamic link
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A vector of time constant values for the first RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s
Program usage name

tau1_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T) — resistance of the second dynamic link, depending on temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of resistance values of the second RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] Ohm
Program usage name

R2_polarization_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC) — resistance of the second RC link
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of resistance values for the second RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] Ohm
Program usage name

R2_polarization_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T) — the time constant of the second dynamic link, depending on temperature
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A matrix of time constant values for the second RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[20.0 36.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] s
Program usage name

tau2_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Second time constant, tau2(SOC) — the time constant of the second dynamic link
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A vector of time constant values for the second RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s
Program usage name

tau2_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T) — resistance of the third dynamic link, depending on temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of resistance values for the third RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] Ohm
Program usage name

R3_polarization_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC) — resistance of the third dynamic link
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of resistance values of the third RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] Ohm
Program usage name

R3_polarization_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T) — the time constant of the third dynamic link, depending on temperature
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A matrix of time constant values for the third RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[20.0 36.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] s
Program usage name

tau3_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Third time constant, tau3(SOC) — the time constant of the third dynamic link
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A vector of time constant values for the third RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s
Program usage name

tau3_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC,T) — resistance of the fourth dynamic link, depending on temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of resistance values for the fourth RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] Ohm
Program usage name

R4_polarization_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC) — resistance of the fourth dynamic link
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The vector of resistance values of the fourth RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] Ohm
Program usage name

R4_polarization_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC,T) — the time constant of the fourth dynamic link, depending on temperature
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A matrix of time constant values for the fourth RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[20.0 36.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] s
Program usage name

tau4_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC) — the time constant of the fourth dynamic link
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A vector of time constant values for the fourth RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s
Program usage name

tau4_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fifth polarization resistance, R5(SOC,T) — resistance of the fifth dynamic link, depending on temperature
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

A matrix of resistance values for the fifth RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] Ohm
Program usage name

R5_polarization_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fifth polarization resistance, R5(SOC) — resistance of the fifth dynamic link
Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm

Details

The matrix of resistance values of the fifth RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

Ohm | mOhm | kOhm | MOhm | GOhm
Default value

[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] Ohm
Program usage name

R5_polarization_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC,T) — the time constant of the fifth dynamic link, depending on temperature
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A matrix of time constant values for the fifth RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[20.0 36.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] s
Program usage name

tau5_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC) — the time constant of the fifth dynamic link
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A matrix of time constant values for the fifth RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Temperature dependent tables and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Five time-constant dynamics.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s
Program usage name

tau5_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

Fade

# Enable fade — enabling battery drain simulation

Details

If a USB flash drive is installed Enable fade, then in the block it becomes possible to set parameters for simulating battery fading.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

enable_fade
Evaluatable

No

# Fade characteristic — the method of modeling extinction
Equations | Lookup tables (temperature independent) | Lookup tables (temperature dependent)

Details

Choose a method for modeling the extinction characteristic:

  • Equations — calculation of parameters using formulas. The capacity of the cell and the resistance of the terminals will be proportional while the open circuit voltage will be proportional to . If self-discharge resistance or any number of dynamic sections are enabled, their values will be proportional. .

  • Lookup tables (temperature independent) — set tabular data for percentage parameter changes depending on .

  • Lookup tables (temperature dependent) — set tabular data for percentage parameter changes depending on and temperature.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade.

Values

Equations | Lookup tables (temperature independent) | Lookup tables (temperature dependent)
Default value

Equations
Program usage name

fade_type
Evaluatable

No

# Number of discharge cycles, N — the reference number of cycles for calculating the percentage change

Details

The number of charge-discharge cycles during which the indicated percentage changes occur.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and for the parameter Fade characteristic set the value Equations.

Default value

100.0
Program usage name

discharge_cycles
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in open-circuit voltage after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change in open circuit voltage after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in open circuit voltage after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and for the parameter Fade characteristic set the value Equations.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

OCV_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change in series resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in serial resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and for the parameter Fade characteristic set the value Equations.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in cell capacity after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and for the parameter Fade characteristic set the value Equations.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

C_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in self-discharge resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and for the parameter Fade characteristic set the value Equations.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R_self_discharge_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in first polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change of the first RC resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in resistance of the first RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Equations and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R1_polarization_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in second polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change of the second RC resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in resistance of the second RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Equations and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R2_polarization_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in third polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change of the third RC resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in resistance of the third RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Equations and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R3_polarization_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in fourth polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change of the fourth RC resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in resistance of the fourth RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Equations and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R4_polarization_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Change in fifth polarization resistance after N discharge cycles (%) — percentage change of the fifth RC resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

Percentage change in resistance of the fifth RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Equations and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

0.0
Program usage name

R5_polarization_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of discharge cycle values, N — the vector of the number of cycles for the percentage change in parameters

Details

The vector of values of charge-discharge cycles, during which the specified percentage changes in parameters occur.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent) or Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Default value

[100.0, 200.0, 300.0]
Program usage name

discharge_cycles_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of temperatures for fade data, Tfade — the vector of temperatures for which the tables of calculation of extinction are compiled
K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR

Details

The vector of temperatures for which the tables of calculation of extinction with dependence on temperatures are compiled. These temperatures are completely independent of the parameter Vector of temperatures, T.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Units

K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR
Default value

[298.15, 323.15] K
Program usage name

T_fade_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in open-circuit voltage, dV0(N) — percentage change in the no-load voltage after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in the open circuit voltage after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

OCV_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in terminal resistance, dR0(N) — percentage change in series resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in serial resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in cell capacity, dAH(N) — percentage change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in cell capacity after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

C_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in self-discharge resistance, dRleak(N) — percentage change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in self-discharge resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and Self-discharge and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R_self_discharge_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in first polarization resistance, dR1(N) — percentage change in resistance of the first RC link after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in the resistance of the first RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R1_polarization_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in second polarization resistance, dR2(N) — percentage change in resistance of the second RC link after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in the resistance of the second RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics it matters Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R2_polarization_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in third polarization resistance, dR3(N) — percentage change in resistance of the third RC link after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in the resistance of the third RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics it matters Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R3_polarization_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in fourth polarization resistance, dR4(N) — percentage change in resistance of the fourth RC link after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in the resistance of the fourth RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics it matters Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R4_polarization_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in fifth polarization resistance, dR5(N) — percentage change in resistance of the fifth RC link after N discharge cycles

Details

The vector of the percentage change in the resistance of the fifth RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature independent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics it matters Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R5_polarization_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in open-circuit voltage, dV0(N,Tfade) — percentage change in no-load voltage after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

Matrix of the percentage change in the open circuit voltage after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

OCV_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in terminal resistance, dR0(N,Tfade) — percentage change in series resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

Matrix of the percentage change in serial resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in cell capacity, dAH(N,Tfade) — percentage change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

Matrix of the percentage change in cell capacity after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

C_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in self-discharge resistance, dRleak(N,Tfade) — percentage change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

Matrix of the percentage change in self-discharge resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade and Self-discharge and set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R_self_discharge_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in first polarization resistance, dR1(N,Tfade) — percentage change in resistance of the first RC link after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

The matrix of the percentage change in the resistance of the first RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R1_polarization_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in second polarization resistance, dR2(N,Tfade) — percentage change in resistance of the second RC link after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

The matrix of the percentage change in the resistance of the second RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R2_polarization_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in third polarization resistance, dR3(N,Tfade) — percentage change in resistance of the third RC link after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

The matrix of the percentage change in the resistance of the third RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R3_polarization_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in fourth polarization resistance, dR4(N,Tfade) — matrix of the percentage change in the resistance of the fourth RC link after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures

Details

The matrix of the percentage change in the resistance of the fourth RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R4_polarization_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in fifth polarization resistance, dR5(N,Tfade) — percentage change in resistance of the fifth RC link after N discharge cycles and at temperatures

Details

The matrix of the percentage change in the resistance of the fifth RC link after the battery has passed discharge cycles and temperature dependent .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable fade, set for the parameter Fade characteristic meaning Lookup tables (temperature dependent) and set for the parameter Charge dynamics meaning Five time-constant dynamics.

Default value

[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R5_polarization_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

Calendar Aging

# Modeling option — a method for modeling aging
Equation-based | Tabulated: temperature | Tabulated: time and temperature

Details

A method for modeling the aging of internal resistance and capacitance:

  • Equation-based — calculation of parameters according to the equations;

  • Tabulated: temperature — calculation based on tables of parameters that depend only on temperature;

  • Tabulated: time and temperature — calculation based on tables of parameters that depend on both time and temperature.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging or check the box Capacity calendar aging.

Values

Equation-based | Tabulated: temperature | Tabulated: time and temperature
Default value

Equation-based
Program usage name

age_modeling_type
Evaluatable

No

# Vector of time intervals — vector of time intervals
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

Vector of storage time intervals. The size of the vector must be equal in size to the vector from the parameter Vector of storage temperatures.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging or check the box Capacity calendar aging.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[0.0] d
Program usage name

delta_time_storage_age_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of storage temperatures — vector of storage temperatures
K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR

Details

Vector of storage temperatures. The size of the vector must be equal in size to the vector from the parameter Vector of time intervals.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging or check the box Capacity calendar aging.

Units

K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR
Default value

[273.0] K
Program usage name

T_storage_age_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Storage condition — Storage conditions
Specify open-circuit voltage during storage | Specify state-of-charge during storage

Details

Battery storage conditions:

  • Specify open-circuit voltage during storage — the voltage of the open circuit during storage is indicated.

  • Specify state-of-charge during storage — The charge level is indicated during storage.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Values

Specify open-circuit voltage during storage | Specify state-of-charge during storage
Default value

Specify open-circuit voltage during storage
Program usage name

storage_condition_type
Evaluatable

No

# Normalized open-circuit voltage during storage, V/Vnom — normalized open circuit voltage during storage

Details

Rated open circuit voltage during storage.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based and set for the parameter Storage condition meaning Specify open-circuit voltage during storage.

Default value

0.9
Program usage name

OCV_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# State of charge during storage — Charge level during storage

Details

The charge level during storage.

Dependencies

To use this parameter, set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based and set for the parameter Storage condition meaning Specify state-of-charge during storage.

Default value

0.6
Program usage name

SOC_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Internal resistance calendar aging — aging for internal resistance

Details

Whether to include the aging of the internal resistance of the battery.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

enable_age_resistance
Evaluatable

No

# Terminal resistance linear scaling for voltage, b — linear voltage coefficient

Details

The linear voltage scaling factor for calculating terminal resistance.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Default value

2.2134e6
Program usage name

OCV_scaling_resistance_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance constant offset for voltage, c — constant offset for voltage to calculate terminal resistance

Details

A constant offset for the voltage to calculate the resistance of the terminals.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Default value

1.632e6
Program usage name

OCV_offset_resistance_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance temperature-dependent exponential increase, d — exponential coefficient for calculating terminal resistance
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

An exponential coefficient for calculating terminal resistance depending on temperature.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Units

V | uV | mV | kV | MV
Default value

0.515833569 V
Program usage name

T_exponent_resistance_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Terminal resistance time exponent, a — exponential coefficient for calculating resistance

Details

An exponential coefficient for calculating resistance depending on storage time.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based or Tabulated: temperature.

Default value

0.75
Program usage name

time_exponent_resistance_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of sampled temperatures for terminal resistance calendar aging, T_ar — temperature vector for calculating the aging resistance of the terminals
K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR

Details

The temperature vector for calculating the aging of terminal resistances.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: time and temperature or Tabulated: temperature.

Units

K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR
Default value

[273.15, 298.15, 323.15] K
Program usage name

T_resistance_age_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of sampled storage time intervals for terminal resistance calendar aging, t_ar — storage time intervals for calculating pin resistance aging
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A vector of storage time intervals for calculating the aging resistance of pins.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: time and temperature.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[90.0, 180.0, 270.0, 360.0] d
Program usage name

delta_time_resistance_age_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in terminal resistance due to calendar aging, dR0(T_ar) — percentage change in terminal resistance as a result of aging

Details

The percentage change in terminal resistance as a result of aging. The length of the vector must be equal to the length of the vector .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: temperature.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

R_age_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Time between terminal resistance beginning of life and dR(T_ar) measurement — the time between the start of the service life and the measurement of dR(T_ar)
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time between the start of the service life and the measurement of dR(T_ar) to calculate the resistance of the terminals.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: temperature.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

100.0 d
Program usage name

time_measurement_resistance_age_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in terminal resistance due to calendar aging, dR0(t_ar,T_ar) — percentage change in terminal resistance due to aging

Details

A matrix of percentage changes in terminal resistance as a result of aging.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: time and temperature.

Default value

[0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

R_age_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity calendar aging — aging for capacity

Details

Whether to enable battery capacity aging.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

enable_age_capacity
Evaluatable

No

# Capacity linear scaling for voltage, b — linear voltage coefficient

Details

Linear voltage coefficient for calculating capacity.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Capacity calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Default value

1.5097e07
Program usage name

OCV_scaling_capacity_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity constant offset for voltage, c — constant offset for voltage to calculate capacitance

Details

A constant offset for the voltage to calculate the capacitance.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Capacity calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Default value

8.3625e06
Program usage name

OCV_offset_capacity_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity temperature-dependent exponential decrease, d — exponential coefficient for calculating capacity
V | uV | mV | kV | MV

Details

An exponential coefficient for calculating capacity.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Capacity calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based.

Units

V | uV | mV | kV | MV
Default value

0.6011 V
Program usage name

T_exponent_capacity_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Capacity time exponent, a — exponential coefficient for calculating capacity depending on storage time

Details

An exponential coefficient for calculating the capacity depending on the storage time.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Equation-based or Tabulated: temperature.

Default value

0.75
Program usage name

time_exponent_capacity_age
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of sampled temperatures for capacity calendar aging, T_ac — temperature vector for calculating capacity aging
K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR

Details

Temperature vector for calculating capacity aging.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: time and temperature or Tabulated: temperature.

Units

K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR
Default value

[273.15, 298.15, 323.15] K
Program usage name

T_capacity_age_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Vector of sampled storage time intervals for capacity calendar aging, t_ac — storage time intervals for calculating capacity aging
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

A vector of storage time intervals for calculating capacity aging.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: time and temperature.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

[90.0, 180.0, 270.0, 360.0] d
Program usage name

delta_time_capacity_age_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in capacity due to calendar aging, dAH(T_ac) — percentage change in capacity as a result of aging

Details

The vector of values of the percentage change in capacity as a result of aging. The length of the vector must be equal to the length of the vector .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Capacity calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: temperature.

Default value

[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
Program usage name

C_age_percentage_change_vector
Evaluatable

Yes

# Time between capacity beginning of life and dAH(T_ac) measurement — the time between the start of the service life and the dAH measurement(T_ac)
s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d

Details

The time between the start of the service life and measurement .

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Capacity calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: temperature.

Units

s | ns | us | ms | min | hr | d
Default value

100.0 d
Program usage name

time_measurement_capacitance_age_percentage_change
Evaluatable

Yes

# Percentage change in capacity due to calendar aging, dAH(t_ac,T_ac) — percentage change in capacity due to aging depending on storage time and temperature

Details

A matrix of percentage changes in capacity as a result of aging, depending on the storage time and temperature.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Internal resistance calendar aging and set for the parameter Modeling option meaning Tabulated: time and temperature.

Default value

[0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0]
Program usage name

C_age_percentage_change_matrix
Evaluatable

Yes

Thermal

# Enable thermal port — turning on the heat port

Details

Turn it on to use the thermal port.

Default value

false (switched off)
Program usage name

has_thermal_port
Evaluatable

No

# Simulation temperature — battery temperature
K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR

Details

The battery temperature used in the tables during the simulation when the thermal port is not activated.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units

K | degC | degF | degR | deltaK | deltadegC | deltadegF | deltadegR
Default value

298.15 K
Program usage name

T_const
Evaluatable

Yes

# Thermal mass — the heat capacity associated with the thermal port
J/K | kJ/K

Details

The heat capacity associated with the thermal port H. It represents the energy needed to raise the temperature of the battery by one degree Kelvin.

Dependencies

To use this option, check the box Enable thermal port.

Units

J/K | kJ/K
Default value

100.0 J/K
Program usage name

thermal_mass
Evaluatable

Yes

Examples