Engee documentation

Battery (Table-Based)

Tabular battery model.

battery table based

Description

The Battery (Table-Based) unit is a highly accurate battery model. It calculates the open circuit voltage (no-load) as a function of charge level and temperature using tables from the documentation and includes several modelling options:

  • self-discharge;

  • battery extinction;

  • charge dynamics;

  • battery ageing.

For all table parameters, the Battery (Table-Based) block supports only linear interpolation. For extrapolation, set the Extrapolation method for all tables to Nearest or Linear.

The graph shows examples of battery characteristics that vary with temperature and charge level as given in the data sheet.

battery table based 1

Use this block to parameterise batteries with complex open circuit voltage characteristics from data sheets or experimental results. For a simpler representation of the battery you can use the block Battery.

The Battery (Table-Based) block has a measurement port that can be opened by setting the appropriate parameters. The SOC measurement port outputs the value of the charge level. Use this port to change the load dependency of the charge level without the hassle of measuring it. To open the SOC port, enable the Expose measurement port parameter and set the Measurement output type to `SOC'.

When the Measurement output type is set to `Charge in Coulombs', the current battery charge (in Coulombs) is displayed on the output port.

To use the thermal port, set Enable thermal port to `enable'. The thermal port represents the heat capacity of the battery.

The equivalent battery circuit consists of the fundamental battery model, self-discharge resistance , charge dynamics model and series resistance .

battery scheme 1

Fundamental battery model

This block calculates the idle voltage on the fundamental battery model by interpolating tabular data:

Where:

  • - Open-circuit battery voltage. Set the value matrix with Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC,T) if the parameter is temperature dependent, or the vector Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC) otherwise;

  • - is the charge level, the ratio of the current charge to the nominal battery capacity specified in Cell capacity, AH, taking into account the decay of the change in cell capacity , specified in Percentage change in cell capacity, dAH(N, Tfade). Specify reference values using the Vector of state-of-charge values, SOC parameter. The unit estimates the nominal battery capacity as a function of the number of cycles and battery temperature by interpolating the specified temperature dependent extinction characteristic and Cell capacity, AH.

For the case where the extinction characteristic is derived from a data table:

For the case where the extinction characteristic is derived from the equations:

The result of the expressions is measured in Cl. is obtained from the following equation:

where

  • - is the nominal capacity of the battery cell, the value is set in Cell capacity, AH, in Coulomb;

  • - the reference number of discharge cycles for which the percentage change in battery parameters is specified, the value is specified in Number of discharge cycles, N;

  • - the current number of discharge cycles of the battery;

  • - the percentage change in battery cell capacity after discharge cycles;

  • - battery temperature. The values are set in the Vector of temperatures, T if the parameters are temperature dependent.

The block also models the series resistance as a function of charge level and temperature. Set the matrix of values for series resistance using the Terminal resistance, R0(SOC,T) parameter if the parameter is temperature dependent, or the vector of Terminal resistance, R0(SOC) otherwise.

Modelling self-discharge

When the battery terminals are open, internal currents can still discharge the battery. This behaviour is called self-discharge. To enable this effect, set Self-discharge to on.

The block models the internal currents using a resistance , connected to the terminals of the fundamental battery model. You can specify tabular data for the resistance using the Self-discharge resistance, Rleak(T) parameter if the parameter is temperature dependent, or Self-discharge resistance, Rleak otherwise.

Charge dynamics modelling

Batteries are not able to respond instantly to load changes. They take some time to reach a steady state. This time-varying property is a result of the charge dynamics of the battery and is modelled using successive dynamic RC links in an equivalent circuit.

You can model the battery charge dynamics using the Charge dynamics parameter:

  • No dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains no dynamic links. There is no delay between the terminal voltage and the internal voltage of the fundamental battery.

  • One time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains one RC link. Specify the time constant using the parameter First time constant, tau1(SOC,T) if the parameter is temperature dependent, or First time constant, tau1(SOC) otherwise. Also specify the resistance using First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC,T) if the parameter is temperature dependent, or First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC) otherwise.

  • Two time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains two RC links. Specify time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T) and Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T) if the parameter is temperature dependent, or First time constant, tau1(SOC) and Second time constant, tau2(SOC) otherwise. Also specify resistances using the parameters First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC,T) and Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T) if the parameters are temperature dependent, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC) and Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC) otherwise.

  • `Three time-constant dynamics' - the equivalent circuit contains three RC links. Specify time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T), Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T), and Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T) if the parameter is temperature dependent, or First time constant, tau1(SOC), Second time constant, tau2(SOC), and Third time constant, tau3(SOC) otherwise. Also specify resistances using the parameters First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC,T), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T), and Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T) if the parameters are temperature dependent, or First polarization resistance, R1(SOC), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC), and Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC) otherwise.

  • Four time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains four RC links. Specify the time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T), Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T), Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T) and Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC,T), if the parameter is temperature dependent, or First time constant, tau1(SOC), Second time constant, tau2(SOC), Third time constant, tau3(SOC) and Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC) otherwise. Also specify resistances using the parameters First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC,T), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T) and Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC,T), if the parameters are temperature dependent, or First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC) and Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC) otherwise.

  • Five time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains five RC links. Specify the time constants using the parameters First time constant, tau1(SOC,T), Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T), Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T), Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC,T) and Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC,T), if the parameter is temperature dependent, or First time constant, tau1(SOC), Second time constant, tau2(SOC), Third time constant, tau3(SOC), Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC) and Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC) otherwise. Also specify resistances using the parameters First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC,T), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC,T), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC,T), Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC,T) and Fifth polarization resistance, R5(SOC,T), if the parameters are temperature dependent, or First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC), Second polarization resistance, R2(SOC), Third polarization resistance, R3(SOC), Fourth polarization resistance, R4(SOC) and Fifth polarization resistance, R5(SOC) otherwise.

The figure shows an equivalent circuit for a block that has two time constants.

battery table based 3

In the schematic:

  • and - resistances of dynamic links.

  • and are the capacitances of the dynamic links. The time constant for each parallel circuit links the values of and using the relationship .

  • - series resistance.

Modelling battery extinction

Battery fade is the deterioration of battery characteristics with repeated charge and discharge cycles. When Fade characteristic is set to Equations, battery fade is modelled using the formula as described below.

The open circuit voltage on the fundamental battery model decays in proportion to the number of discharge cycles :

Where is the percentage change in open-circuit voltage after discharge cycles. The value is set by Change in open-circuit voltage after N discharge cycles (%).

The Battery (Table-Based) block monitors the current and integrates it over time. The number of discharge cycles is increased by 1 each time a charge equal to the equivalent capacity of the battery is consumed.

The nominal charge, on the basis of which the charge level is calculated, decays according to the following dependence on the number of discharge cycles:

All resistances in the battery model also decay according to a similar dependence on the number of discharge cycles:

Where:

  • - -e resistance;

  • - is the percentage change in this resistance over cycles.

Depending on the unit settings, resistances may include:

  • Series resistance - specify the percentage change over cycles using the Change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles (%) parameter.

  • Self-discharge resistance - specify the percentage change over cycles using the parameter Change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • First polarisation resistance - indicate the percentage change over cycles using Change in first polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • Second charge dynamics resistance - indicate the percentage change over cycles using Change in second polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • Third charge dynamics resistance - indicate the percentage change over cycles using Change in third polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • Fourth charge dynamics resistance - indicate the percentage change over cycles using Change in fourth polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

  • Fifth charge dynamics resistance - indicate the percentage change over cycles using Change in fifth polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%).

You can also model the fading characteristic of the battery using tables of temperature independent or temperature dependent values. When either of these two options is selected, the block parameters change accordingly.

Modelling thermal effects

The battery temperature is determined by summing all ohmic losses included in the model:

Where

  • - is the heat capacity of the battery;

  • The index corresponds to -source of ohmic losses. Depending on how the unit is configured, losses may include:

    • Series resistance;

    • Self-discharge resistance;

    • First segment of charge dynamics;

    • Second segment of charge dynamics;

    • Third segment of charge dynamics;

    • Fourth segment of charge dynamics;

    • Fifth segment of charge dynamics.

  • - voltage drop across the -th resistance;

  • - -th resistance.

Modelling battery ageing

The block allows modelling the deterioration of battery performance that occurs when the battery is not in use, during storage. Aging affects both internal resistance and capacity. In particular, the increase in resistance depends on various mechanisms such as Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) formation at the anode and cathode and conductor corrosion. These processes are mainly dependent on storage temperature, charge level and time.

To simulate ageing, the Modelling option must be set to Modelling option:

  • Equation-based;

  • Tabulated: temperature;

  • Tabulated: time and temperature.

The Battery (Table-Based) block only considers aging during initialisation. When the Internal resistance calendar aging or Capacity calendar aging parameters are set to on, the block opens the Vector of time intervals parameter, which represents the aging time of the battery before the simulation starts. Aging is not taken into account during the simulation.

Calculation based on the equations

The increase in resistance of the battery terminals as a result of aging is determined by the equation:

where

  • - parameter value Normalised open-circuit voltage during storage, V/Vnom;

  • - value of the Internal resistance parameter;

  • - storage time values obtained from the Vector of time intervals;

  • - corresponding temperature values obtained from the Vector of temperatures, T;

  • - value of parameter Terminal resistance linear scaling for voltage, b;

  • - value of parameter Terminal resistance constant offset for voltage, c;

  • - parameter value Terminal resistance temperature-dependent exponential increase, d;

  • - parameter value Terminal resistance time exponent, a;

  • - electron elementary charge, in kl;

  • - Boltzmann constant, in J/K.

This equation defines the decrease in battery capacity as a result of ageing:

с

where

  • - is the value of the parameter initial capacity;

  • - parameter value Capacity linear scaling for voltage, b;

  • - parameter value Capacity constant offset for voltage, c;

  • - parameter value Capacity temperature-dependent exponential increase, d;

  • - parameter value Capacity time constant, a.

If Storage condition is set to `Specify state-of-charge during storage', the block converts the state-of-charge during storage to a normalised open circuit voltage using the tabulated voltage as a function of state-of-charge and temperature during storage.

Table calculation: temperature dependence only.

Aging resistance is the product between the resistance of the leads , the percentage increase in resistance , and the exponential (step) law describing the time dependence of aging:

where

  • - is the value of the parameter Vector of storage temperatures;

  • and are time values obtained from the Vector of time intervals;

  • is taken to be zero;

  • - the point in time at which the increase in resistance is measured .

A similar equation is used to calculate battery capacity at obsolescence.

Calculation by tables: time and temperature dependence

The aging terminal resistance is the product of the terminal resistances and , which is both time and temperature dependent:

A similar equation is used to calculate battery capacity after obsolescence.

Ports

Output

SOC - battery level
scalar

Charge Level. Use this output port to change the load behaviour depending on the charge level without the complexity of building a charge value meter.

The level of charge is a normalised value equal to the ratio of the current charge to the nominal battery capacity . The unit estimates the current charge of the battery by integrating the output current of the battery terminals. To convert the state of charge to actual charge, you must use the correct rated battery capacity for each temperature.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Expose measurement port check box and set the Measurement output type parameter to `SOC'.

q - current battery charge, Kl
scalar

Internal charge in coulombs. Use this output port to change the load behaviour as a function of charge, without resorting to the complexities of building a charge magnitude meter.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Expose measurement port checkbox and set the Measurement output type parameter to `Charge in Coulombs'.

Non-directional

+ - positive contact
electricity

The electrical port associated with the positive contact of the battery.

- - negative contact
electricity

Electrical port associated with the negative contact of the battery.

H - battery heat port
heat

Heat capacity of the battery.

Dependencies

To use this port, select the Enable thermal port check box.

Parameters

Main

Vector of state-of-charge values, SOC - vector of state-of-charge (SOC) values for tabular data
[0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 1.0] (by default) | ` vector of scalars in the range [0.0, 1.0]`

Vector of charge level values for tabular data. The elements of the vector must go in ascending order. The value is the ratio of the current battery charge to the nominal battery capacity . It should be ensured that for each temperature, at the charge is equal to the battery capacity specified in Cell capacity, AH, assuming a fresh battery with the number of cycles and .

for and .

Temperature dependent tables - select whether battery parameters are temperature dependent or not
On (By default) | Off.

Select whether the battery parameters are temperature dependent.

Current directionality - Enables current directionality to be taken into account
Off (By default) | On

If this parameter is set to on, the pin resistance will depend on the current direction.

Vector of temperatures, T - vector of temperature values for tabular data
[278.0, 293.0, 313.0] K (by default) | `vector of positive numbers'.

A vector of temperature values for calculating parameters that depend on it. The vector values must be positive and ascending.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Temperature dependent tables parameter is set to enabled.

Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC,T) - idle voltage with charge level and temperature dependence
[3.49 3.50 3.51; 3.55 3.57 3.56; 3.62 3.63 3.64; 3.71 3.71 3.72; 3.91 3.93 3.94; 4.07 4.08 4.08; 4.19 4.19 4.19] V (by default) | `matrix of non-negative numbers'.

Matrix of open circuit voltage values of the fundamental battery model at the specified SOC temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled'.

Open-circuit voltage, V0(SOC) - idle voltage
[3.5057, 3.566, 3.6337, 3.7127, 3.9259, 4.0777, 4.1928] V (By default) | `vector of non-negative numbers'.

Vector of open circuit voltage values of the fundamental battery model at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Temperature dependent tables parameter is set to `disabled'.

Terminal voltage operating range [Min Max] - terminal voltage operating range
[0.0, Inf] V (By default) | `positive number vector'.

The operating voltage range of the terminals. This parameter shall be a vector of two elements defining the minimum and maximum terminal voltage values.

Terminal resistance, R0(SOC,T) - series resistance of the battery with dependence on charge level and temperature
[0.0117 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0110 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0114 0.0087 0.0092; 0.0107 0.0082 0.0088; 0.0107 0.0083 0.0091; 0.0113 0.0085 0.0089; 0.0116 0.0085 0.0089] ohms (By default) | matrix of non-negative numbers.

A matrix of battery series resistance values at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled'.

Terminal resistance, R0(SOC) - battery series resistance
[0.0085, 0.0085, 0.0087, 0.0082, 0.0083, 0.0085, 0.0085] ohms (By default) | vector of non-negative numbers

Vector of battery series resistance values at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `disabled'.

Terminal resistance during discharging, R0(SOC,T) - series resistance of the battery during discharging phase with dependence on charge level and temperature
[0.0117 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0110 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0114 0.0087 0.0092; 0.0107 0.0082 0.0088; 0.0107 0.0083 0.0091; 0.0113 0.0085 0.0089; 0.0116 0.0085 0.0089] Ohm (By default) | ` matrix of non-negative numbers`.

Matrix of battery series resistance values during the discharge phase at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to on and Current directionality is set to on.

Terminal resistance during discharging, R0(SOC) - series resistance of the battery during the discharging phase
[0.0085, 0.0085, 0.0087, 0.0082, 0.0083, 0.0085, 0.0085] ohms (By default) | vector of non-negative numbers

A vector of battery series resistance values during the discharge phase at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Current directionality is set to on.

Terminal resistance during charging, R0(SOC,T) - series resistance of the battery during the charging phase
[0.0117 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0110 0.0085 0.0090; 0.0114 0.0087 0.0092; 0.0107 0.0082 0.0088; 0.0107 0.0083 0.0091; 0.0113 0.0085 0.0089; 0.0116 0.0085 0.0089] ohms (By default) | matrix of non-negative numbers.

Matrix of battery series resistance values during the charging phase at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to on and Current directionality is set to on.

Terminal resistance during charging, R0(SOC) - battery series resistance during charging phase
[0.0085, 0.0085, 0.0087, 0.0082, 0.0083, 0.0085, 0.0085] ohms (By default) | vector of non-negative numbers

Vector of battery series resistance values during the charging phase at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Current directionality is set to on.

Cell capacity, AH - battery capacity at full charge
27.0 A*h (by default) | `non-negative scalar'.

Battery capacity. The unit calculates the charge level by dividing the accumulated charge by this value. The block calculates the accumulated charge by integrating the battery current.

Self-discharge - select whether to model the self-discharge resistance of the battery
Off (By default) | On

Select whether the battery self-discharge resistance should be modelled. The unit models this effect as a resistance connected in parallel to the fundamental battery model.

As the temperature increases, the self-discharge resistance decreases, resulting in an increase in self-discharge. If the decrease in resistance is too rapid, thermal discharge of the battery can occur and instability of the numerical solution can occur. You can eliminate this instability by making any of these changes:

  • Reduce the thermal resistance;

  • Decrease the gradient of self-discharge resistance as a function of temperature;

  • Increase the self-discharge resistance.

Self-discharge resistance, Rleak(T) - battery self-discharge resistance as a function of temperature
[8.0e3, 7.0e3, 6.0e3] ohms (by default) | vector of positive numbers

Data to calculate the self-discharge resistance of the battery at the specified temperature values. This resistance is connected to the leads of the fundamental battery model.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to on and Self-discharge is set to on.

Self-discharge resistance, Rleak - battery self-discharge resistance
7.0e3 ohms (by default) | positive scalar value.

Data for calculating the battery self-discharge resistance. This resistance is connected to the pins of the fundamental battery model.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Self-discharge is set to on.

Extrapolation method for all tables - extrapolation method for tables
Nearest (by default) | Linear

Extrapolation method for all parameters calculated by tables:

  • Linear - estimates values outside the data set by creating a tangent line at the end of the known data and extending it beyond that limit.

  • Nearest - extrapolates the value at a point by the value at the nearest grid point.

Expose measurement port - display the measurement port
off (by default) | on

If the parameter has Expose measurement port set to enabled, an additional (measurement) port appears in the block.

Measurement output type - selection of the signal in the measurement port
SOC (By default) | Charge in Coulombs.

The parameter has two values:

  • SOC - the output receives SOC charge level values.

  • Charge in Coulombs - the output receives values of charge q in Coulombs.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Expose measurement port parameter is set to on.

Dynamics

Charge dynamics - battery charge dynamics model
No dynamics (By default) | One time-constant dynamics | Two time-constant dynamics | Three time-constant dynamics | Four time-constant dynamics | Five time-constant dynamics

Select how the battery charge dynamics are modelled. This parameter determines the number of RC links in the equivalent circuit:

  • No dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains no dynamic RC links. There is no delay between the terminal voltage and the internal voltage of the fundamental battery.

  • One time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains one RC-link.

  • Two time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains two RC links.

  • Three time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains three RC-links.

  • Four time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains four RC-links.

  • Five time-constant dynamics - the equivalent circuit contains five RC-links.

First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC,T) - resistance of the first dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] ohms (by default) | matrix of positive numbers.

A matrix of resistance values for the first RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `One time-constant dynamics', `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

First polarisation resistance, R1(SOC) is the resistance of the first dynamic link
[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] ohms (By default) | vector of positive numbers

The vector of resistance values of the first RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Charge dynamics is set to `One time-constant dynamics', `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

First time constant, tau1(SOC,T) is the time constant of the first dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[20.0 36.0 39.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] with (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

Matrix of time constant values for the first RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `One time-constant dynamics', `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

First time constant, tau1(SOC) is the time constant of the first dynamic link
[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s (by default) | `vector of positive numbers'.

Vector of time constant values for the first RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Charge dynamics is set to `One time-constant dynamics', `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Second polarisation resistance, R2(SOC,T) is the temperature-dependent resistance of the second dynamic link
[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] ohms (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

A matrix of second RC-link resistance values at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic loss of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Second polarisation resistance, R2(SOC) is the resistance of the second RC link
[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] ohms (By default) | vector of positive numbers.

A vector of resistance values for the second RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Charge dynamics is set to `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Second time constant, tau2(SOC,T) is the time constant of the second dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[20.0 36.0 39.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] with (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

Matrix of time constant values for the second RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Temperature dependent tables parameter is set to enabled and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Second time constant, tau2(SOC) is the time constant of the second dynamic link
[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s (by default) | vector of positive numbers

Vector of time constant values for the second RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `disabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Third polarisation resistance, R3(SOC,T) is the resistance of the third dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] ohms (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

A matrix of resistance values for the third RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Third polarisation resistance, R3(SOC) is the resistance of the third dynamic link
[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] ohms (By default) | vector of positive numbers

A vector of third RC-link resistance values at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Charge dynamics is set to `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Third time constant, tau3(SOC,T) is the time constant of the third dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[20.0 36.0 39.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] with (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

Matrix of time constant values for the third RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Third time constant, tau3(SOC) is the time constant of the third dynamic link
[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s (by default) | vector of positive numbers

Vector of time constant values for the third RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `disabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fourth polarisation resistance, R4(SOC,T) is the resistance of the fourth dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] ohms (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

A matrix of resistance values for the fourth RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fourth polarisation resistance, R4(SOC) - resistance of the fourth dynamic link
[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] ohms (By default) | positive number vector

The vector of resistance values of the fourth RC link at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Charge dynamics is set to `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC,T) is the time constant of the fourth dynamic link, with temperature dependence
[20.0 36.0 39.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] with (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

Matrix of time constant values for the fourth RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fourth time constant, tau4(SOC) is the time constant of the fourth dynamic link
[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s (by default) | `vector of positive numbers'.

Vector of time constant values for the fourth RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `disabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fifth polarisation resistance, R5(SOC,T) - resistance of the fifth dynamic link, temperature dependent
[0.0109 0.0029 0.0013; 0.0069 0.0024 0.0012; 0.0047 0.0026 0.0013; 0.0034 0.0016 0.0010; 0.0033 0.0023 0.0014; 0.0033 0.0018 0.0011; 0.0028 0.0017 0.0011] ohms (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

A matrix of resistance values for the fifth RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fifth polarisation resistance, R5(SOC) - resistance of the fifth dynamic link
[0.0029, 0.0024, 0.0026, 0.0016, 0.0023, 0.0018, 0.0017] ohms (By default) | vector of positive numbers

A matrix of fifth RC-link resistance values at the specified SOC values. This parameter primarily affects the ohmic losses of the RC link.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to off and Charge dynamics is set to `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC,T) is the temperature-dependent time constant of the fifth dynamic link
[20.0 36.0 39.0 39.0; 31.0 45.0 39.0; 109.0 105.0 61.0; 36.0 29.0 26.0; 59.0 77.0 67.0; 40.0 33.0 29.0; 25.0 39.0 33.0] s (by default) | matrix of positive numbers

Matrix of time constant values for the fifth RC link at the specified SOC and temperature values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `enabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fifth time constant, tau5(SOC) is the time constant of the fifth dynamic link
[36.0, 45.0, 105.0, 29.0, 77.0, 33.0, 39.0] s (by default) | vector of positive numbers.

Matrix of time constant values for the fifth RC link at the specified SOC values.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Temperature dependent tables is set to `disabled' and Charge dynamics is set to `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Fade

Enable fade - enable battery fade modelling
off (by default) | on.

If the Enable fade parameter is set to `enable', the block will be able to set parameters for battery fade modelling.

Fade characteristic - fade modelling method
By default | Lookup tables (temperature independent) | Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Select the method for modelling the extinction characteristic:

  • Equations - calculation of parameters by formulae. The cell capacitance and terminal resistance will be proportional to , while the open circuit voltage will be proportional to . If self-discharge resistance or any number of dynamic sections are included, their values will be proportional to .

  • Lookup tables (temperature independent) -set tabular data for percentage change in parameters depending on .

  • Lookup tables (temperature dependent) - set the tabular data for percentage change of parameters depending on and temperature.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled.

Number of discharge cycles, N is the reference number of cycles for percentage change calculations
100 (By default) | scalar greater than 1

Number of charge-discharge cycles during which the specified percentage change occurs.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Enable fade is set to `enabled' and Fade characteristic is set to `Equations'.

Change in open-circuit voltage after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in open-circuit voltage after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | Scalar

Percentage change in open-circuit voltage after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Enable fade is set to on and Fade characteristic is set to `Equations'.

Change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar.

Percentage change in series resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Enable fade is set to on and Fade characteristic is set to `Equations'.

Change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in cell capacity after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Enable fade is set to on and Fade characteristic is set to `Equations'.

Change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in self-discharge resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Enable fade is set to on and Fade characteristic is set to `Equations'.

Change in first polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in first RC resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in first RC resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Enable fade is set to on, Fade characteristic is set to `Equations' and Charge dynamics is set to `One time-constant dynamics', `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Change in second polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in second RC resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in second RC resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade parameter is set to on, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Equations' and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to `Two time-constant dynamics', `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Change in third polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in third RC resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in third RC resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade parameter is set to on, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Equations' and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to `Three time-constant dynamics', `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Change in fourth polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in fourth RC resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in fourth RC resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade parameter is set to on, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Equations' and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to `Four time-constant dynamics' or `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Change in fifth polarisation resistance after N discharge cycles (%) - percentage change in fifth RC resistance after N discharge cycles
0.0 (By default) | scalar

Percentage change in fifth RC resistance after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade parameter is set to on, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Equations' and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to `Five time-constant dynamics'.

Vector of discharge cycle values, N - vector of number of cycles for percentage change in parameters
[100.0, 200.0, 300.0] (by default) | `vector of non-negative numbers'.

A vector of charge-discharge cycle values during which the specified percentage parameter changes occur.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled', the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Lookup tables (temperature independent) or Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Vector of temperatures for fade data, Tfade is the vector of temperatures for which the fade calculation tables are compiled
[298.15, 323.15] K (By default) | `vector of non-negative numbers'.

A vector of temperatures for which temperature-dependent extinction calculation tables have been compiled. These temperatures are completely independent of Vectors of temperatures, T.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade parameter is enabled', the Fade characteristic parameter is `Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Percentage change in open-circuit voltage, dV0(N) - percentage change in no-load voltage after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector.

Vector of the percentage change in open circuit voltage after the battery has passed discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Percentage change in terminal resistance, dR0(N) - percentage change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | `scalar vector'.

Vector of the percentage change in series resistance after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Percentage change in cell capacity, dAH(N) - percentage change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | `scalar vector'.

Vector of the percentage change in cell capacity after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Percentage change in self-discharge resistance, dRleak(N) - percentage change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector.

Vector of the percentage change in self-discharge resistance after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade and Self-discharge parameters are set to enabled', the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Lookup tables (temperature independent).

Percentage change in first polarisation resistance, dR1(N) - percentage change in first RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector

The vector of the percentage change in resistance of the first RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature independent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics, or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in second polarisation resistance, dR2(N) - percentage change in second RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector `.

The vector of the percentage change in resistance of the second RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature independent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics, or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in third polarisation resistance, dR3(N) - percentage change in third RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector

The vector of the percentage change in resistance of the third RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature independent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics, or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in fourth polarisation resistance, dR4(N) is the percentage change in fourth RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector

The vector of the percentage change in resistance of the fourth RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature independent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in fifth polarisation resistance, dR5(N) - percentage change in fifth RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector

The vector of the percentage change in resistance of the fifth RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature independent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in open-circuit voltage, dV0(N, Tfade) is the percentage change in no-load voltage after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | scalar matrix

Matrix of the percentage change in open circuit voltage after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and temperature dependent Tfade.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Percentage change in terminal resistance, dR0(N, Tfade) is the percentage change in terminal resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | scalar matrix.

Matrix of the percentage change in series resistance after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and with Tfade temperature dependence.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Percentage change in cell capacity, dAH(N, Tfade) - percentage change in cell capacity after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | scalar matrix.

A matrix of the percentage change in cell capacity after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and temperature dependent Tfade.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Percentage change in self-discharge resistance, dRleak(N, Tfade) - percentage change in self-discharge resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | matrix of scalars

A matrix of the percentage change in self-discharge resistance after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and temperature dependent Tfade.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable fade and Self-discharge parameters are set to enabled', the Fade characteristic parameter is set to `Lookup tables (temperature dependent).

Percentage change in first polarisation resistance, dR1(N, Tfade) - percentage change in first RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | matrix of scalars

Matrix of the percentage change in resistance of the first RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and with Tfade temperature dependence.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature dependent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is One time-constant dynamics, Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics, or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in second polarisation resistance, dR2(N, Tfade) is the percentage change in second RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | matrix of scalars

Matrix of the percentage change in resistance of the second RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and with Tfade temperature dependence.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature dependent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is Two time-constant dynamics, Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics, or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in third polarisation resistance, dR3(N, Tfade) is the percentage change in third RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | matrix of scalars

Matrix of the percentage change in resistance of the third RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and with Tfade temperature dependence.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature dependent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to Three time-constant dynamics, Four time-constant dynamics, or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in fourth polarisation resistance, dR4(N, Tfade) is the matrix of percentage change in fourth RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | scalar matrix

Matrix of the percentage change in resistance of the fourth RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and with Tfade temperature dependence.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is set to enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is set to Lookup tables (temperature dependent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is set to Four time-constant dynamics or Five time-constant dynamics.

Percentage change in fifth polarisation resistance, dR5(N, Tfade) is the percentage change in fifth RC-link resistance after N discharge cycles and at Tfade temperatures
[0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0] (by default) | matrix of scalars

Matrix of the percentage change in resistance of the fifth RC link after the battery has undergone discharge cycles and with Tfade temperature dependence.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable fade parameter is enabled, the Fade characteristic parameter is Lookup tables (temperature dependent), and the Charge dynamics parameter is Five time-constant dynamics.

Calendar Aging

Internal resistance calendar aging - aging for internal resistance
off (by default) | on

Whether to enable aging of the internal resistance of the battery.

Capacity calendar aging - aging for capacity
off (By default) | on

Whether to enable aging for battery capacity.

Modelling option - method for ageing modelling
Equation-based (by default) | Tabulated: temperature | Tabulated: time and temperature

A method for modelling the ageing of internal resistance and capacitance:

  • Equation-based - calculation of parameters by equations;

  • Tabulated: temperature - calculation by tables of parameters that depend only on temperature;

  • Tabulated: time and temperature' - calculation using parameter tables that depend on both time and temperature.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if either the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter or the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to on.

Vector of time intervals - vector of time intervals
[0.0] e. (By default) | `vector of scalars'.

Vector of storage time intervals. The size of the vector must be equal in size to the vector from the Vector of storage temperatures parameter.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when either the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter or the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to on.

Vector of storage temperatures - vector of storage temperatures
[273.0] K (By default) | `vector of scalars'.

Vector of storage temperatures. The size of the vector must be equal in size to the vector from the Vector of time intervals parameter.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when either the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter or the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to on.

Storage condition - storage conditions
Specify open-circuit voltage during storage (by default) | Specify state-of-charge during storage.

Battery storage condition:

  • Specify open-circuit voltage during storage - specifies the open-circuit voltage during storage.

  • Specify state-of-charge during storage - indicates the level of charge during storage.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Modelling option parameter is set to Equation-based.

Normalised open-circuit voltage during storage, V/Vnom - normalised open-circuit voltage during storage
0.9 (By default) | scalar.

Normalised open-circuit voltage during storage.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Modelling option parameter is Equation-based and the Storage condition parameter is Specify open-circuit voltage during storage.

State of charge during storage is the level of charge during storage
0.6 (by default) | positive scalar

Level of charge during storage.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Modelling option is Equation-based and the Storage condition parameter has Specify state-of-charge during storage.

Terminal resistance linear scaling for voltage, b - linear coefficient for voltage
2.2134e6 (By default) | scalar

Voltage linear scaling factor for voltage for terminal resistance calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Internal resistance calendar aging is set to enabled and Modelling option is set to Equation-based.

Terminal resistance constant offset for voltage, c - constant offset for voltage to calculate the resistance of the leads
1.632e6 (by default) | scalar

Resistance constant offset for voltage for pin resistance calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Internal resistance calendar aging is set to enabled and Modelling option is set to Equation-based.

Terminal resistance temperature-dependent exponential increase, d is the exponential coefficient for calculating the resistance of the leads
0.515833569 V (by default) | scalar

Exponential coefficient for calculating temperature-dependent pin resistance.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Internal resistance calendar aging is set to enabled and Modelling option is set to Equation-based.

Terminal resistance time exponent, a - exponential coefficient for resistance calculation
0.75 (By default) | scalar.

Exponential coefficient for calculating resistance as a function of storage time.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Equation-based or Tabulated: temperature.

Capacity linear scaling for voltage, b - linear coefficient for voltage
1.5097e07 (By default) | scalar

Linear voltage coefficient for capacitance calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Equation-based.

Capacity constant offset for voltage, c - constant offset for voltage for capacitance calculation
8.3625e06 (By default) | scalar.

Constant offset for voltage for capacitance calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Equation-based.

Capacity temperature-dependent exponential increase, d - exponential coefficient for capacity calculation
0.6011 V (by default) | scalar

Exponential coefficient for capacitance calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Equation-based.

Capacity time exponent, a is the exponential coefficient for calculating capacity as a function of storage time
0.75 (By default) | scalar.

Exponential coefficient for calculating capacity depending on storage time.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter is enabled and the Modelling option parameter is Equation-based or Tabulated: temperature.

Vector of sampled temperatures for terminal resistance calendar aging, T_ar is the vector of sampled temperatures for terminal resistance aging calculation
[273.15, 298.15, 323.15] K (by default) | vector of scalars

Temperature vector for calculating the aging of pin resistances.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Internal resistance calendar aging is set to enabled and Modelling option is set to Tabulated: time and temperature or Tabulated: temperature.

Percentage change in terminal resistance due to calendar aging, dR0(T_ar) - percentage change in terminal resistance due to calendar aging
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | scalar vector `.

The percentage change in pin resistance as a result of aging. The length of the vector must equal the length of the vector .

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Tabulated: temperature.

Time between terminal resistance beginning of life and dR(T_ar) measurement - time between terminal resistance beginning of life and dR(T_ar) measurement
100 d. (By default) | scalar.

Time between beginning of life and dR(T_ar) measurement for terminal resistance calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter is enabled and the Modelling option parameter is Tabulated: temperature.

Vector of sampled temperatures for capacity calendar aging, T_as - vector of temperatures for capacity aging calculation
[273.15, 298.15, 323.15] K (by default) | vector of scalars

Temperature vector for capacity aging calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Capacity calendar aging parameter is enabled and the Modelling option parameter is Tabulated: time and temperature or Tabulated: temperature.

Percentage change in capacity due to calendar aging, dAH(T_ac) - percentage change in capacity due to calendar aging
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0] (by default) | ` scalar vector in the range [-100, 0]`.

A vector of values for the percentage change in capacitance as a result of aging. The length of the vector must be equal to the length of the vector .

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Tabulated: temperature.

Time between capacity beginning of life and dAH(T_ac) measurement - time between capacity beginning of life and dAH(T_ac) measurement
100 d. (By default) | scalar.

Time between beginning of life and dAH(T_ac) measurement.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Capacity calendar aging parameter is set to enabled and the Modelling option parameter is set to Tabulated: temperature.

Vector of sampled storage time intervals for terminal resistance calendar aging, t_ar - storage time intervals for terminal resistance aging calculation
[90.0, 180.0, 270.0, 360.0] e. (by default) | vector of scalars

Vector of storage time intervals for calculating pin resistance aging.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter is enabled and the Modelling option parameter is Tabulated: time and temperature.

Percentage change in terminal resistance due to calendar aging, dR0(t_ar,T_ar) - percentage change in terminal resistance due to aging
[0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0] (By default) | matrix of scalars.

Matrix of percentage changes in pin resistance due to aging.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Internal resistance calendar aging is set to enabled and Modelling option is set to Tabulated: time and temperature.

Vector of sampled storage time intervals for capacity calendar aging, t_ac - storage time intervals for capacity aging calculation
[90.0, 180.0, 270.0, 360.0] e. (by default) | vector of scalars.

Vector of storage time intervals for capacity aging calculation.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Internal resistance calendar aging parameter is enabled and the Modelling option parameter is Tabulated: time and temperature.

Percentage change in capacity due to calendar aging, dAH(t_ac,T_ac) is the percentage change in capacity due to aging as a function of storage time and temperature
[0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0; 0.0 0.0 0.0] (By default) | matrix of scalars in the range [-100, 0]

Matrix of percentage changes in capacitance due to aging as a function of storage time and temperature.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when Internal resistance calendar aging is set to enabled and Modelling option is set to Tabulated: time and temperature.

Thermal

Enable thermal port - enables thermal port
` disabled (by default)` | enabled

Enable to use the thermal port.

Simulation temperature - battery temperature
298.15 K (by default) | `positive scalar'.

The battery temperature used in the tables during simulation when the thermal port is not engaged.

Dependencies

This parameter is used if the Enable thermal port parameter is set to disabled.

Thermal mass is the heat capacity associated with the thermal port
100.0 J/K (by default).

The heat capacity associated with the heat port is H. It represents the energy required to raise the battery temperature by one degree Kelvin.

Dependencies

This parameter is used when the Enable thermal port parameter is set to on.