lines
|
The page is in the process of being translated. |
#
MakieCore.lines — Function
lines(positions)
lines(x, y)
lines(x, y, z)Creates a connected line plot for each element in (x, y, z), (x, y) or positions.
NaN values are displayed as gaps in the line.
Plot type
The plot type alias for the lines function is Lines.
Dealing with outline artifacts in GLMakie
In GLMakie 3D line plots can generate outline artifacts depending on the order line segments are rendered in. Currently there are a few ways to mitigate this problem, but they all come at a cost:
-
fxaa = truewill disable the native anti-aliasing of line segments and use fxaa instead. This results in less detailed lines. -
transparency = truewill disable depth testing to a degree, resulting in all lines being rendered without artifacts. However with this lines will always have some level of transparency. -
overdraw = truewill disable depth testing entirely (read and write) for the plot, removing artifacts. This will however change the z-order of line segments and allow plots rendered later to show up on top of the lines plot.
using GLMakie
ps = rand(Point3f, 500)
cs = rand(500)
f = Figure(size = (600, 650))
Label(f[1, 1], "base", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[2, 1], ps, color = cs, fxaa = false)
Label(f[1, 2], "fxaa = true", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[2, 2], ps, color = cs, fxaa = true)
Label(f[3, 1], "transparency = true", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[4, 1], ps, color = cs, transparency = true)
Label(f[3, 2], "overdraw = true", tellwidth = false)
lines(f[4, 2], ps, color = cs, overdraw = true)
f
Attributes
alpha
Defaults to 1.0
The alpha value of the colormap or color attribute. Multiple alphas like in plot(alpha=0.2, color=(:red, 0.5), will get multiplied.
clip_planes
Defaults to automatic
Clip planes offer a way to do clipping in 3D space. You can set a Vector of up to 8 Plane3f planes here, behind which plots will be clipped (i.e. become invisible). By default clip planes are inherited from the parent plot or scene. You can remove parent clip_planes by passing Plane3f[].
color
Defaults to @inherit linecolor
using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.1, 0.1), xautolimitmargin = (0.1, 0.1))
hidedecorations!(ax)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 0; color = :tomato)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 1; color = (:tomato, 0.5))
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 2; color = 1:9)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 3; color = 1:9, colormap = :plasma)
lines!(ax, 1:9, iseven.(1:9) .- 4; color = RGBf.(0, (0:8) ./ 8, 0))
fig
colormap
Defaults to @inherit colormap :viridis
Sets the colormap that is sampled for numeric colors. PlotUtils.cgrad(...), Makie.Reverse(any_colormap) can be used as well, or any symbol from ColorBrewer or PlotUtils. To see all available color gradients, you can call Makie.available_gradients().
colorscale
Defaults to identity
The color transform function. Can be any function, but only works well together with Colorbar for identity, log, log2, log10, sqrt, logit, Makie.pseudolog10 and Makie.Symlog10.
depth_shift
Defaults to 0.0
adjusts the depth value of a plot after all other transformations, i.e. in clip space, where 0 <= depth <= 1. This only applies to GLMakie and WGLMakie and can be used to adjust render order (like a tunable overdraw).
fxaa
Defaults to false
adjusts whether the plot is rendered with fxaa (anti-aliasing, GLMakie only).
inspectable
Defaults to @inherit inspectable
Sets whether this plot should be seen by DataInspector. The default depends on the theme of the parent scene.
inspector_clear
Defaults to automatic
Sets a callback function (inspector, plot) -> ... for cleaning up custom indicators in DataInspector.
inspector_hover
Defaults to automatic
Sets a callback function (inspector, plot, index) -> ... which replaces the default show_data methods.
inspector_label
Defaults to automatic
Sets a callback function (plot, index, position) -> string which replaces the default label generated by DataInspector.
joinstyle
Defaults to @inherit joinstyle
Controls the rendering at corners. Options are :miter for sharp corners, :bevel for "cut off" corners, and :round for rounded corners. If the corner angle is below miter_limit, :miter is equivalent to :bevel to avoid long spikes.
using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.05, 0.15))
hidedecorations!(ax)
joinstyles = [:miter, :bevel, :round]
for (i, joinstyle) in enumerate(joinstyles)
x = (1:3) .+ 5 * (i - 1)
ys = [[0.5, 3.5, 0.5], [3, 5, 3], [5, 6, 5], [6.5, 7, 6.5]]
for y in ys
lines!(ax, x, y; linewidth = 15, joinstyle, color = :black)
end
text!(ax, x[2], ys[end][2], text = ":$joinstyle",
align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 15), font = :bold)
end
text!(ax, 4.5, 4.5, text = "for angles
below miter_limit,
:miter == :bevel",
align = (:center, :center))
fig
linecap
Defaults to @inherit linecap
Sets the type of line cap used. Options are :butt (flat without extrusion), :square (flat with half a linewidth extrusion) or :round.
using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2), xautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2))
hidedecorations!(ax)
linecaps = [:butt, :square, :round]
for (i, linecap) in enumerate(linecaps)
lines!(ax, [i, i]; color = :tomato, linewidth = 15, linecap)
lines!(ax, [i, i]; color = :black, linewidth = 15, linecap = :butt)
text!(1.5, i, text = ":$linecap", font = :bold,
align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 15))
end
fig
linestyle
Defaults to nothing
Sets the dash pattern of the line. Options are :solid (equivalent to nothing), :dot, :dash, :dashdot and :dashdotdot. These can also be given in a tuple with a gap style modifier, either :normal, :dense or :loose. For example, (:dot, :loose) or (:dashdot, :dense).
For custom patterns have a look at Makie.Linestyle.
using CairoMakie
linestyles = [:solid, :dot, :dash, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
gapstyles = [:normal, :dense, :loose, 10]
fig = Figure()
with_updates_suspended(fig.layout) do
for (i, ls) in enumerate(linestyles)
for (j, gs) in enumerate(gapstyles)
title = gs === :normal ? repr(ls) : "$((ls, gs))"
ax = Axis(fig[i, j]; title, yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2))
hidedecorations!(ax)
hidespines!(ax)
linestyle = (ls, gs)
for linewidth in 1:3
lines!(ax, 1:10, fill(linewidth, 10); linestyle, linewidth)
end
end
end
end
fig
using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
patterns = [
[0, 1, 2],
[0, 20, 22],
[0, 2, 4, 12, 14],
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20],
[0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12],
[0.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.5],
]
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2))
for (i, pattern) in enumerate(patterns)
lines!(ax, [-i, -i], linestyle = Linestyle(pattern), linewidth = 4)
text!(ax, (1.5, -i), text = "Linestyle($pattern)",
align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 10))
end
hidedecorations!(ax)
fig
linewidth
Defaults to @inherit linewidth
using CairoMakie
fig = Figure()
ax = Axis(fig[1, 1], yautolimitmargin = (0.2, 0.2), xautolimitmargin = (0.1, 0.1))
hidedecorations!(ax)
for linewidth in 1:10
lines!(ax, iseven.(1:9) .+ linewidth, 1:9; color = :black, linewidth)
text!(ax, linewidth + 0.5, 9; text = "$linewidth", font = :bold,
align = (:center, :bottom), offset = (0, 15))
end
fig
miter_limit
Defaults to @inherit miter_limit
Sets the minimum inner join angle below which miter joins truncate. See also Makie.miter_distance_to_angle.
model
Defaults to automatic
Sets a model matrix for the plot. This overrides adjustments made with translate!, rotate! and scale!.
overdraw
Defaults to false
Controls if the plot will draw over other plots. This specifically means ignoring depth checks in GL backends
space
Defaults to :data
sets the transformation space for box encompassing the plot. See Makie.spaces() for possible inputs.
ssao
Defaults to false
Adjusts whether the plot is rendered with ssao (screen space ambient occlusion). Note that this only makes sense in 3D plots and is only applicable with fxaa = true.